Introduction: Hoomaopopo i na Pilikia Ola o na Mudpuppies

ʻO nā mudpuppies, i ʻike ʻia ʻo Necturus maculosus, he salamander aquatic e noho nui ana i nā kino wai ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻOiai ʻike ʻia lākou no ko lākou paʻakikī a me ka hoʻololi ʻana, ke kū nei nā mudpuppies i nā pilikia olakino e hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ko lākou olakino holoʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau pilikia olakino maʻamau he mea koʻikoʻi ia no nā mea nona ka ʻōpala a me nā mea hoihoi e hāʻawi i ka mālama kūpono a ʻimi i ke kōkua lāʻau lapaʻau i ka manawa e pono ai.

Nā pilikia o ka hanu: He maʻi maʻamau i waena o nā ʻōpala

ʻIke pinepine ʻia nā pilikia hanu i loko o nā ʻōpala. He ili permeable keia mau salamanders, e hiki ai ia lakou ke hanu ma na gills a me na akemāmā. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai, nā pae oxygen kūpono ʻole, a me nā maʻi bacterial a i ʻole fungal hiki ke alakaʻi i ka ʻeha hanu. ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā pilikia hanu i loko o nā ʻōpala ʻeleʻele e pili ana i ka hanu wikiwiki ʻana, ka hanu ʻana ma ka ʻili o ka wai, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana hana. ʻO ka mālama koke ʻana me nā lāʻau kūpono a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka noho ʻana he mea pono e hoʻopau i kēia mau pilikia.

Nā Kūlana Dermatological: Nā pilikia o ka ʻili ma nā ʻōpala

Hiki i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala i nā ʻano dermatological like ʻole, e like me nā maʻi bacterial a fungal paha, nā ʻili ʻili, a me nā ʻeha. Hiki ke kū mai kēia mau pilikia ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai, ka substrate ʻeleʻele, a i ʻole nā ​​hōʻeha ʻana mai nā mea hoʻonani pahu. Hiki i nā pilikia o ka ʻili ke hōʻoluʻolu, pili i ka hiki ʻana o ka ʻalae e ʻau, a hiki ke alakaʻi i nā maʻi lua. ʻO ka mālama mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai, ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā wahi huna kūpono, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i kahi substrate maʻemaʻe hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana a mālama i nā pilikia dermatological i nā ʻōpala.

ʻO nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū: nā pilikia digestive i nā ʻōpala

ʻAʻole maʻamau ka maʻi ʻōpū i loko o nā ʻōpala a hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia e nā kumu e like me ka ʻai maikaʻi ʻole, ka meaʻai kūpono ʻole, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi bacterial. Hiki i nā hōʻailona ke komo i ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai, ka pohō kaumaha, nā feces ʻino, a i ʻole ka regurgitation. ʻO ka meaʻai kaulike me nā meaʻai ola a i ʻole ka hau hau, e like me ka ʻaneʻi a i ʻole nā ​​iʻa liʻiliʻi, he mea nui ia e mālama i ke olakino o ka ʻōpala. Ke kū mai nā pilikia digestive, ʻōlelo ʻia ke kūkākūkā lāʻau holoholona e hoʻoholo i ke kumu kumu a me ka mālama kūpono.

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi: nā maʻi ma waho a me loko i loko o nā ʻōpala

Hiki i nā ʻīlio ʻōpala ke loaʻa i nā maʻi parasitic, ma waho a ma loko. Hiki i nā ʻōpala o waho, e like me nā leeches, mites, a i ʻole flukes, ke hoʻoulu i ka huhū, ka ʻili, a i ʻole ka anemia. I loko, hiki i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala ke hoʻopaʻa i nā ilo ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ​​​​protozoans, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia digestive a i ʻole ka pōʻino o ke kino. He mea koʻikoʻi ka nānā mau ʻana, nā kaʻina hana kuʻuna no nā mea hou, a me nā hoʻokolohua fecal i kēlā me kēia manawa e ʻike a mālama i nā maʻi parasitic i nā ʻōpala. Hoʻohana maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia e ke kauka holoholona.

Nā maʻi maʻi maʻi: nā pilikia ma ke kīpē i loko o nā ʻōpala

Hiki i nā maʻi ʻeha ke hoʻopilikia i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai. Hiki i nā kiʻekiʻe ammonia a i ʻole nitrate kiʻekiʻe, a me ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea haumia, hiki ke hōʻeha i nā puʻupaʻa o kēia mau salamanders. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi renal hiki ke komo i ka lethargy, ka emi ʻana o ka ʻai, a i ʻole ka mimi maʻamau. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana wai maʻemaʻe, ka nānā mau ʻana i nā ʻāpana wai, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka kānana kūpono he mau mea pale nui. I nā hihia o ka renal, pono ke komo ʻana i nā holoholona no ka ʻike kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana.

Nā pilikia musculoskeletal: ʻeha nā iwi a me nā hui i loko o nā ʻōpala

Hiki i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala ke loaʻa i nā pilikia musculoskeletal, e komo pū ana me nā iwi deformations, nā ʻāʻī a i ʻole nā ​​ʻeha. Hiki mai kēia mau pilikia ma muli o ka lawa ʻole o ka meaʻai, nā kūlana pahu kūpono ʻole, a i ʻole ka trauma. ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā pilikia musculoskeletal i loko o nā ʻōpala ʻōpala e pili ana i ka paʻakikī o ka ʻauʻau ʻana, nā neʻe ʻokoʻa o nā lālā, a i ʻole ka makemake ʻole e neʻe. ʻO ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka meaʻai kūpono me ka calcium a me ka huaora D, ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lako pahu kūpono, a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā pōʻino hiki ke kōkua i ka pale ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia musculoskeletal i loko o nā ʻōpala.

Nā Manaʻo Ola Reproductive: Nā Luʻi Hoʻohua i nā Mudpuppies

Hiki ke pilikia i ka hānai ʻana i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā kūlana hānau. Hiki i nā ʻīlio ʻōpala wahine ke hoʻopaʻa hua, kahi kūlana e paʻa ai nā hua i loko o ka ʻāpana hānau, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia a me ka make. Hiki i nā ʻīlio ʻala kāne ke kū i nā pilikia hānau, e like me ka ʻike ʻole a i ʻole ka paʻakikī i ka male ʻana. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana wai kūpono, ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā wahi hoʻohua kūpono, a me ka hōʻoia ʻana i ka meaʻai maikaʻi loa he mea nui no ka hoʻohua maikaʻi ʻana i nā ʻōpala. Inā kū mai nā pilikia o ka hānau ʻana, pono paha ke kōkua holoholona.

Nā maʻi maʻi neurological: Nā pilikia o ka Pūnaewele Nervous i nā Mudpuppies

Hiki i nā maʻi neurological ke hoʻopilikia i nā mudpuppies, e alakaʻi ana i nā pilikia me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana, ke kaulike, a i ʻole ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻiʻo. Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau pilikia e nā kumu genetic, nā maʻi infectious, a i ʻole nā ​​​​toxin kaiapuni. ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi neurological i loko o nā mudpuppies hiki ke komo i ka haʻalulu, spasms, a i ʻole nā ​​hana ʻino. ʻO nā hana pale e pili ana i ka pale ʻana i nā mea kemika, ka mālama ʻana i nā palena wai maikaʻi loa, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi ʻano pilikia ʻole. Pono ke kūkākūkā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hōʻoia pololei ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā pilikia neurological i nā mudpuppies.

Nā Kūlana Ophthalmological: Nā pilikia o ka maka ma nā ʻōpala

Hiki i nā ʻōpala ʻōpala ke loaʻa i nā ʻano maka like ʻole, me nā maʻi, nā ʻeha, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea ʻino. Hiki i kēia mau pilikia ke hopena ma muli o ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka wai, ka ʻili o ka pahu wai, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea bacteria a fungal. ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ophthalmological i loko o nā ʻōpala ʻulaʻula e pili ana i ka ʻulaʻula, ka pehu, ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, a i ʻole nā ​​​​maka ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana wai maʻemaʻe, ka mālama mālie, a me ka nānā mau ʻana i nā maka hiki ke kōkua i ka pale a ʻike i nā pilikia o ka maka. He mea nui ka hoʻokolokolo lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka lāʻau kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana ophthalmological i nā ʻōpala.

Nā Maʻi Hematological: Nā pilikia pili i ke koko ma nā ʻōpala

ʻO nā maʻi hematological, e pili ana i ke koko a me kāna mau ʻāpana, hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā mudpuppies. ʻO ka maʻi anemia, ka maʻi clotting, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi parasite koko he mau laʻana ia o nā pilikia hematological e alo ai i nā ʻōpala. Hiki ke kumu o kēia mau maʻi ma muli o ka hemahema o ka meaʻai, ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea haumia, a i ʻole nā ​​maʻi maʻi. ʻO nā hōʻailona o nā maʻi hematological i loko o nā ʻōpala ʻōpala ke komo pū me ka ʻili haʻalulu, lethargy, a i ʻole ke kahe koko ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai kaulike, ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana wai maʻemaʻe, a me ka nānā ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau hiki ke kōkua i ka pale a mālama i nā pilikia hematological i nā ʻōpala.

Nā pilikia olakino like ʻole: nā pilikia ʻē aʻe i loko o nā ʻōpala

Ma waho aʻe o nā pilikia olakino i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei, hiki i nā mudpuppies ke ʻike i nā pilikia olakino like ʻole. Hiki i kēia mau mea ke komo i nā maʻi metabolic, nā maʻi koko, a i ʻole nā ​​​​hana ʻole o ka ʻōnaehana pale. ʻOiai ʻaʻole maʻamau kēia mau ʻano, hiki ke loaʻa i nā mudpuppies. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i nā kūlana kaiapuni maikaʻi loa, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka meaʻai kaulike, a me ka ʻimi ʻana i ke kōkua holoholona no ka hōʻoia kūpono a me ka mālama ʻana he mea nui i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i kēia mau pilikia olakino like ʻole i nā ʻōpala.

I ka hopena, hiki i nā mudpuppies, e like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe, hiki ke maʻalahi i nā pilikia olakino. ʻO ka hanu, dermatological, gastrointestinal, parasitic, renal, musculoskeletal, reproductive, neurological, ophthalmological, hematological, a me nā maʻi like ʻole hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ko lākou olakino. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i kēia mau pilikia olakino maʻamau, hiki i nā mea nona ka ʻōpala ke hana i nā hana pale kūpono, e ʻimi i ke kōkua holoholona inā pono, a hāʻawi i ka mālama maikaʻi loa e hōʻoia i ke olakino holoʻokoʻa a me ka lōʻihi o kēia mau salamander aquatic hoihoi.