Mary Allen
He kumu lāʻau ka lāʻau: he lāʻau ulu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ma kahi kokoke i nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua. Aia nā aʻa, kahi kumu lāʻau, a me ka lei lāʻau me nā lau deciduous a i ʻole ka nila. Nui nā lāʻau i hui pū ʻia i ululāʻau.
Ke ola nei kekahi mau lāʻau no nā haneli mau makahiki, ʻoi aku kekahi ma mua o 1000 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kumulāʻau ke ulu kahiko akā nui loa: ʻO ka lāʻau nui loa e ola nei i kēia lā ʻo ka "Hyperion" sequoia me ka lōʻihi o ke kumu ma luna o 115 mika. Aia ia ma Redwood National Park ma Kaleponi, USA.
Hiki ke hui pū ʻia nā kumulāʻau ma nā ʻano he nui. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka mahele ʻana i nā lāʻau coniferous e like me ka pine a i ʻole ka fir a me nā lāʻau deciduous e like me ka maple, birch, beech, chestnut, a linden. ʻO kā mākou mau lāʻau deciduous e hoʻokahe i ko lākou mau lau i kēlā me kēia hāʻule, he liʻiliʻi wale nō nā conifers e hana i kēia, no ka laʻana, nā larch. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi ma waena o nā lāʻau ululāʻau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻohe apo ulu o nā ululāʻau pākīpika a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī.
Ma kahi kokoke i ka equator, ulu like nā lāʻau i loko o ka makahiki no ka mea ʻaʻohe kau. Ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ulu wikiwiki nā lāʻau i ke kauwela a lohi i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO kēia kāu e ʻike ai ke ʻoki ʻoe i kahi lāʻau: hōʻike ke kumu i nā apo e like me ka nalu ke kiola ʻoe i ka pōhaku i loko o ka wai, ʻo kekahi ma waho o kekahi. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau apo makahiki no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana o ka lāʻau i ke kauwela. Hoʻokumu kēia i ke apo ākea a māmā i ka lāʻau. I ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ke apo haiki wale nō o ka lāʻau ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī a me ka ʻeleʻele.
Pehea e hoʻohana ai nā ʻepekema i nā apo makahiki?
Hiki i kēlā me kēia keiki ke hana i ka hana ʻepekema maʻalahi loa: helu i nā apo ulu ma luna o kahi kumulāʻau i ʻoki hou ʻia. Ua ʻike mua ʻoe i ka makahiki o ka lāʻau i ka wā i ʻoki ʻia ai.
I ka manawa pinepine, makemake kekahi e ʻike i ka makahiki o kahi hale. Hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia kēia e nā kaola lāʻau i loaʻa i loko o ka hale. Pono ʻoe e wili i ka lua i loko o ka lāʻau a hāpai i ke kumu drill. He ʻano cone lōʻihi kona. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i nā apo makahiki ma luna.
I ke kauwela maikaʻi, kau kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau i ke apo makahiki ākea, i ke kauwela maikaʻi ʻole, kahi liʻiliʻi. Ua hoʻopaʻa ka poʻe ʻepekema i kēia kaʻina ma nā papa a i ʻole nā kiʻi. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi drill core i kēia manawa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohālikelike me nā papa a me nā kiʻi i ʻike ʻia. Ma kēia ala e ʻike pono ai ʻoe i ka makahiki hea i kua ʻia ai ka lāʻau. ʻO ka pinepine, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi lāʻau i loko o ka hale hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o ke kua ʻana o ka lāʻau. Pehea e ʻike ai i ka makahiki i kūkulu ʻia ai kahi hale. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻepekema ʻo "dendrochronology". No ka ʻōlelo Helene kēlā. ʻO "Dendro" ʻo ia hoʻi "lāʻau". ʻO "Chronology" ka "kaulana manawa".