Nā Honu – Nā maʻi pili i ka hānai

Ke ulu nui nei nā honu ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano he mau holoholona a pēlā pū me nā maʻi i nā hana holoholona liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā maʻi i loko o ka honu he mahiʻai a / a pili i ka hānai. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mahiʻai a me ka hānai ʻana.

Nā Honu ʻEulopa

ʻO nā honu a mākou e mālama pinepine ai:

• Honu Helene (Testudo hermanni)
• Honu Moorish (Testudo graeca)
• ʻO ka honu honu (Testudo marginata)
• ʻEhā-wāwae honu (Testudo horsfieldii)

Ma muli o ke ʻano o ka ʻano, hoʻonui ka laulā kūlohelohe a puni ke Kai Mediterranean a me ʻApelika ʻĀkau a hiki i ke komohana hema o Asia.

Hōʻuluʻulu

I ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau holoholona, ​​ʻo ka pahuhopu ke hele kokoke loa i ko lākou wahi kūlohelohe. No laila, pono ke ʻano manuahi kūlohelohe i ka mālama ʻana i nā honu ʻEulopa. ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka terrarium no nā holoholona maʻi wale nō.
Pono e mālama ʻia nā honu i loko o nā pā nui i waho a puni ka makahiki. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea ma muli o ka nohona kūlohelohe me nā mea kanu, nā pōhaku, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. .

e ai ana

I ke kanu ʻana i ka pā, pono e koho ʻia nā mea kanu forage e like me ka hiki. Hiki i nā honu ke mālama iā lākou iho e like me ke ʻano o ka mea kanu a me ka nui. ʻOiai ʻo nā mea kanu hānai maikaʻi loa he z. B. dandelion, buckhorn, chickweed, sedum, deadnettle, hibiscus, a he nui aku. . Inā hiki i nā kuhukukū ke koho i kā lākou meaʻai ponoʻī, loaʻa mau iā lākou ka nui o nā meaʻai, nā huaora, a me nā minela.
ʻAʻole pono e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka protein o ka meaʻai hānai no nā Tortoise ʻEulopa ma mua o 20%. Eia nō naʻe, no ka mea he kiʻekiʻe ka protein o nā mea kanu i ka pūnāwai, ʻo ia hoʻi, pono e hoʻohana ʻia ka mauʻu e uku ai. Ua hōʻoia ko lākou waiwai ma ʻaneʻi nā pahu mauʻu no nā lio. No ka mea he 20-30% ka nui o ka fiber maka o ka meaʻai, pono e loaʻa mau ka mauʻu. ʻO ka calcium a me ka phosphorus nā mineral nui i ka hānai. ʻAʻole pono e hāʻule ka ratio Ca:P ma lalo o 1.5:1. Hoʻohui ʻia ʻo Ca ma ke ʻano o ka cuttlefish a i ʻole nā ​​pūpū hua i ʻoki ʻia. Pono ka Vitamin D no nā honu. Hoʻokumu ʻia ia i loko o ka ʻili e ka radiation UVB mai ka lā. No laila, i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi kiʻi anuanu, pono ʻoe e nānā iā UVB
permeability (nā aniani kānana UV radiation). Pono e loaʻa nā wai inu hou i nā holoholona.

Hibernation

Hoʻomoe nā honu ʻEulopa a pau ma lalo o 12-15°. Pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka hiki o ka hibernation e mālama pono i nā holoholona mai ka makahiki mua o ke ola. Mai Kepakemapa, hoʻomākaukau nā holoholona no ka hibernation. I ka emi ʻana o ka lōʻihi o ka lā a me ka ʻālohilohi o ka lā, ʻai nā holoholona i ka liʻiliʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka meaʻai a lilo i mea hana ʻole. Ma lalo o 10° pau ka ʻai ʻana o nā honu a kanu iā lākou iho i loko o ka malu. Hiki ke hoʻopau i nā holoholona i loko o ke anuanu a i ʻole i loko o kahi friji ʻokoʻa. He 4-6° ka mahana o ka hibernation. Ma kahi o ʻApelila, hoʻopau nā holoholona i kā lākou hibernation. Inā moe pono lākou, ʻaʻole pau ke kaumaha o nā honu.

Nā maʻi ma hope

ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ma ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa, ʻike pinepine mākou i nā honu e loaʻa ana i nā maʻi pili pono i ka hale a/a i ʻole ka hānai ʻana:

• MBD (ka maʻi iwi metabolic)

He paʻakikī kēia. Ma muli o nā kumu like ʻole, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona maʻamau o ka maʻi e like me ka soft carapace, carapace deformation, hump formation, lithophagy, a me ka paʻakikī o ka waiho ʻana.

• Ka nele o ka Vitamin D

Hiki i ka Vitamin D ke mālama i ka calcium i loko o nā iwi. Hoʻopili pū ʻia ka Vitamin D e nā mea kolo iā lākou iho ma lalo o ka radiation UV. Ke mālama pono ʻia i loko o nā terrariums, ʻaʻohe pinepine o ka kukui UV, a i ʻole nā ​​kukui hewa i hoʻokomo ʻia. Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻololi i nā kukui UV i nā manawa maʻamau (1/2-1 x makahiki), no ka mea, e emi ana ka radiation UV mai nā kukui i ka manawa.

• ʻaihue calcium

ʻO ka hānai hewa ʻole (ca:P ratio hewa) alakaʻi i ka hemahema Ca a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o Ca mai nā iwi (hyperparathyroidism pili i ka meaʻai). Hoʻoulu ʻia nā Rickets a i ʻole osteomalacia.

ʻO ka nui o ka ikehu a me ka protein a me ka nele o ka hibernation e hāpai i ka ulu ʻana o nā maʻi iwi metabolic.

ʻO ka lawa ʻole o ka mineralization o ka pale kaua i kekahi manawa ke kumu i nā deformations nui. ʻAʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke neʻe hou. ʻAʻole hiki ke hānai ʻia ma muli o nā lālā palupalu o ka iwi ā lalo. Hiki ke pilikia ka hoʻomoe ʻana i nā holoholona wahine.

He maʻalahi ka maʻi ma muli o ka hōʻike mua a me nā hōʻailona maopopo pinepine. ʻIke ʻia ke ʻano o ka iwi ma ke kiʻi X-ray. ʻO ka nui o ke koko Ca i ka manawa maʻamau.

He mea koʻikoʻi loa ka radiation UV me kahi kukui kūpono (e laʻa me Osram Vitalux ʻelua i ka lā no 20 mau minuke. Eia kekahi, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka vitamina D. He mea nui hoʻi ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka hānai a me ka nui o Ca per os. Ma keʻano laulā, pono e noʻonoʻo houʻia ka manaʻo.

Ma muli o ke kūlana o ka maʻi, maikaʻi ka prognosis i ka ʻilihune.

• nephropaties

He mea maʻamau ka maʻi kīpē i nā honu. Hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā kumu like ʻole ke kumu, me ka ʻai ʻole a me ke kūlana maikaʻi ʻole i ka hana nui.

• gout

Ke piʻi aʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻakika uric, loaʻa nā waihona uric acid i loko o nā ʻōpū a me nā hono. ʻO ka nele o ka wai a me ka ʻai nui ʻana i ka protein mai ka hānai ʻana ke kumu nui o ka uricemia.

• hexameter

ʻO nā Hexamites he mau maʻi palaka e hoʻonui nui ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana mālama suboptimal, hoʻopōʻino i nā puʻupaʻa, a hiki ke alakaʻi i ka nephritis.
Clinic: ʻAʻole kikoʻī loa nā hōʻailona. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka pau ʻana o ka ʻai, ka emaciation, ka manaʻo ʻole, ka pehu ʻana o ka hui, ka edema, ka loli ʻana o ka mimi, ka stasis urinary, a me ka enophthalmos.
ʻIke: Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi maʻi i manaʻo ʻia ma ke kumu o ka hōʻike mua (ka hānai ʻana i ka meaʻai momona-protein, nele i ka wai). ʻAʻole ʻike mau ʻia nā pae kiʻekiʻe o ka uric acid a me ka phosphorus i ke koko. He mea nui ka ratio Ca:P <1. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā Hexamites i ka mimi.
Therapy: Hāʻawi ʻia ka wai ma o ka ʻauʻau ʻana i lalo o ka ʻāina a me ka ʻauʻau i kēlā me kēia lā i ka wai mehana. Pono e hōʻoia i ka hānai haʻahaʻa o ka protein. Inā hoʻokiʻekiʻe ka pae o ka uric acid, pono e hāʻawi ʻia ka allopurinol. Maʻaneʻi hoʻi, pono e hoʻonui i ke kūlana.

I ka hopena, e ʻōlelo ʻia i ka wā e mālama ai i nā honu ʻEulopa, pono e nānā pono ʻia nā kūlana hale. Me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ke kūlana o ka mea maʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke ola mau.