Mary Allen
Aia kekahi mau ʻīlio ʻīlio i ʻōlelo ʻia he kiʻekiʻe loa ka naʻauao. Akā, he aha ke ʻano o ka naʻauao i nā ʻīlio? Wahi a kekahi psychologist, ʻoi aku ka naʻauao o kēia mau ʻīlio 10.
He paʻakikī ke ana ʻana i ka naʻauao. No ka mea he nui nā "ʻano" o ka naʻauao. No ka laʻana, kākau ʻo Stanley Coren psychologist e pili ana i ʻekolu ʻano o ka naʻauao:
- naʻauao hoʻololi: ʻike i nā mea iā ʻoe iho, hoʻololi/hoʻololi i kāu ʻano;
- naʻauao hana: hahai i nā kauoha;
- naʻauao kūʻokoʻa: kālena maoli.
Aia kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe e like me ka naʻauao spatial a i ʻole ka pilikanaka, a ma luna o nā mea a pau i ke kanaka, ka ʻōlelo, ke mele, a i ʻole ka naʻauao logical-mathematics.
E aʻo i ka naʻauao o nā ʻīlio
Ua alakaʻi ʻo psychologist Coren i kahi noiʻi naʻauao canine i nā makahiki 1990, e nīnauele ana i nā luna kānāwai 199 o nā ʻīlio hoʻolohe. Ma kāna puke "The Intelligence of Dogs" (1994) hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna mau hopena a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻīlio ʻīlio i nā "papa akamai". Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo ia i ʻelua mau kumu:
- ʻEhia mau hana hou e pono ai ka ʻīlio e aʻo i ke kauoha hou?
- He aha ka pakeneka o ka manawa e hoʻolohe ai ka ʻīlio?
No laila, ʻo ke aʻo ʻana a Coren e hoʻopili nui i ka naʻauao hana.
ʻO nā ʻīlio ʻīlio akamai he 10 e like me Stanley Coren
Wahi a Stanley Coren psychologist, ʻo kēia nā ʻano ʻīlio akamai loa he ʻumi. No ka mea ua nānā wale ʻo ia i ka naʻauao hana, hiki i kekahi ke wehewehe iā lākou he "ʻano ʻīlio hoʻolohe nui". Ua kapa ʻo Coren i kēia mau ʻīlio he "papa mua": Ua aʻo lākou i kahi kauoha hou ma lalo o ʻelima repetitions a hoʻolohe ma kahi o 10 pakeneka o ka manawa.
Wahi 10: ʻīlio pipi Australian
He ʻīlio hana ka Australian Cattle Dog e pono ai ka hoʻoikaika kino a me nā ʻano hana like ʻole. He poʻe kanaka a pāʻani ʻo ia. Ma muli o kona naʻauao kiʻekiʻe, kūpono ia ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio kiaʻi. Makemake ʻo ia e hana i nā hana i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia no ka mea makemake nui ʻo ia e hana. No ka mea he mana nui ʻo ia, pono ʻo ia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau a me ka launa pū ʻana a ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka poʻe hoʻomaka.
Wahi 9: Rottweilers
ʻO ka Rottweiler kahi ʻīlio makaʻala me ke ʻano ikaika a me ke ʻano pale. ʻAʻole kūpono kēia ʻīlio no ka poʻe hoʻomaka. Hiki iā ia ke loiloi a loiloi i nā kūlana kūʻokoʻa a naʻauao loa. Ua hānai maikaʻi ʻia a hui pū ʻia, he hoa kūpaʻa ka Rottweiler a hōʻike i kona ʻaoʻao aloha. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio mākaʻi.
Wahi 8: Papillon
ʻO ka papillon liʻiliʻi he ʻīlio ʻohana ʻoluʻolu, ʻoluʻolu, a ʻoluʻolu a ʻike ʻia ʻo ia he maʻalahi a naʻauao, e maʻalahi ai ke aʻo ʻana. Loaʻa iā ia ka manaʻo nui o nā manaʻo kanaka. ʻO ka papillon he noiʻi nui a makemake i nā ʻano pāʻani āpau: hauʻoli ʻo ia i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, honi, a me nā pāʻani naʻauao.
Wahi 7: Labrador Retrievers
ʻO ka Labrador Retriever kaulana i manaʻo ʻia he ʻīlio multi-talent a maikaʻi hoʻi. He naʻauao loa ʻo ia a makemake hoʻi e aʻo a he pono nui ia e ʻoluʻolu i kona haku. ʻO kāna mau mikiona ma ke ʻano he ʻīlio hoʻopakele, ʻīlio alakaʻi a me ka ʻīlio hoʻoheheʻe lāʻau e hōʻike ana i ka nui a me ka naʻauao o kēia ʻano ʻīlio.
Wahi 6: Shetland Sheepdog
ʻO ka Shetland Sheepdog he ʻīlio hiki ke aʻo ʻia, naʻauao, maikaʻi, a aloha. Hoʻohana mua ʻia e like me nā ʻīlio hānai, aʻo wikiwiki a hauʻoli nā Shelties. Pono lākou e hele lōʻihi ma ke ʻano i kēlā me kēia lā a makemake pū lākou e hoʻopilikia i ka noʻonoʻo. Hiki ke hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole hoʻopakele ʻīlio me ka Shetland Sheepdog.
Wahi 5: Doberman Pinscher
Hōʻike ʻia ka Dobermann e ka ʻike wikiwiki a me ka makemake e aʻo a no laila pono e hoʻokūkū ʻia ma ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kino. ʻO ka pilina o kona poʻe a me kona makemake i ka ʻapo ʻana i ka wā e hoʻokō ʻia ai kēia mau pono. Hoʻohana pū ʻia nā ʻīlio makaʻala a me ka huhū e nā mākaʻi a me nā pūʻali koa.
Wahi 4: Golden Retrievers
ʻO ka Golden Retriever kahi puʻupuʻu ikaika o ka ikehu e pono ai ka nui o ka hana noʻonoʻo a me ka hoʻoikaika kino e hauʻoli ai. Ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻīlio ʻohana maikaʻi a pili pono i nā kānaka. Hoʻoikaika ikaika nā ʻīlio i ka leo a me ka ʻōlelo kino a maʻalahi ke aʻo ʻana ma ke ʻano pāʻani a me ke aloha, me ka hui ʻana o ka ʻakaʻaka a me ka paʻa.
Wahi 3: Kahuhipa Kelemānia
ʻO ke kahu hipa Kelemānia he'īlio akamai loa i makemake e aʻo a hana, a - me ka hoʻonaʻauao kūpono - e lilo ia i hoa hoʻolohe a kūpaʻa no ke ola. ʻIke ʻia kona naʻauao ma kāna mau hana ma ke ʻano he kahu hānai, mākaʻi, a me ka ʻīlio koa. Pono kahi kahuhipa Kelemania i ka nui o ka noʻonoʻo a me ke kino a me ka mea nona ka manaʻo e hoʻonaʻauao iā ia me ke aloha a me ke kūpaʻa.
Wahi 2: Poodle
ʻO Poodles kekahi o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio akamai loa no ka mea he akamai lākou, makemake nui e aʻo, hiki ke hoʻololi, ʻoluʻolu, a me ka ʻano nui. Maikaʻi lākou i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kanaka a hahai maʻalahi i nā kauoha. Ma muli o ko lākou hiki ke aʻo, ua lilo nā poodle i mau ʻīlio circus kaulana. ʻO nā Poodles pili i nā kānaka a aloha a hana lākou i nā mea a pau e hauʻoli ai "ko lākou" poʻe.
Wahi 1: Border Collie
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Border Collie ʻo "Einstein" o nā ʻīlio. Aʻo koke ʻo ia a makemake nui i ka hana kino a me ka noʻonoʻo ʻaʻole kūpono ʻo ia i nā ʻīlio novice. ʻO kāna hānai ʻana a me kāna hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana e koi nui i ka noʻonoʻo no ka mea i ka manawa i hoʻokomo ʻia ai ka Border Collie i kahi ʻano, he paʻakikī ke aʻo hou mai ia mea. Ua hānai ʻia ka Border Collie i nā hipa a hana maikaʻi a hauʻoli.
He ʻokoʻa loa kēia mau ʻano ʻīlio he ʻumi i kekahi manawa, akā like pū lākou i nā ʻano he nui. Ua akaka i ka ilio i hoʻokaʻawale 'ia e like me ka hana naʻauao kekahi mau 'ōlelo no ka adaptive a instinctive naʻauao: No ka laʻana, empathy, adaptability, a me ka hoʻokō 'ana i nā hana i ka herding, kiaʻi, a hoʻopakele ilio no hoi hoike kiʻekiʻe akamai .
ʻIke ʻia ʻo ka naʻauao kiʻekiʻe a me ka makemake e aʻo i nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole ia he "keu" maikaʻi, akā he ʻano ʻano e koi ai i ka mea nāna e hoʻoikaika a mālama i kāna ʻīlio, i ʻole e hauʻoli ka ʻīlio.
ʻOi aku ka naʻauao o nā ʻīlio ʻīlio liʻiliʻi?
Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano ʻīlio akamai loa i hōʻike ʻia, i wehewehe ʻia e ke kanaka psychologist Stanley Coren ma ke ʻano he "papa mua", ua helu ʻo ia i nā ʻano ʻīlio ʻē aʻe:
- Papa ʻElua: ʻO nā ʻīlio hana maikaʻi e aʻo i nā kauoha hou i loko o ʻelima a 15 mau koi a hoʻolohe i ka 85 pakeneka o ka manawa.
Nā laʻana o kēia papa: Miniature Schnauzer, Collie, Cocker Spaniel, Weimaraner, Bernese Mountain Dog, Pomeranian
- ʻEkolu Papa: ʻO nā ʻīlio hana ma luna o ka awelika e aʻo i kahi kauoha hou ma 15 a 25 mau huaʻōlelo hou a hoʻolohe i ka 70 pakeneka o ka manawa.
Nā laʻana o kēia papa: Yorkshire Terriers, Newfoundlands, Irish Setters, Affenpinschers, Dalmatians
- Papa ʻEhā: ʻO nā ʻīlio hana maʻamau e aʻo i kahi hoʻopunipuni hou ma hope o 25 a 40 mau hoʻāʻo a hoʻolohe ma kahi o 50 pakeneka o ka manawa.
Nā laʻana o kēia papa: Irish Wolfhound, Australian Shepherd, Saluki, Siberian Husky, Boxer, Great Dane
- Papa ʻElima: ʻO nā ʻīlio hana maikaʻi e aʻo i kahi kauoha hou ma 40 a 80 repetitions a hoʻolohe i ka 40 pakeneka o ka manawa.
Nā laʻana o kēia papa: Pug, French Bulldog, Lakeland Terrier, St. Bernard, Chihuahua
- Papa ʻEono: ʻO nā ʻīlio hana maikaʻi loa, e aʻo ana i kahi hoʻopunipuni hou ma hope o 100 mau hana hou ʻana a me ka hoʻolohe ʻana ma kahi o 30 pakeneka o ka manawa.
Nā laʻana o kēia papa: mastiff, beagle, chow chow, bulldog, Afghan hound
ʻAʻohe o ka papa, he mau hoʻohālikelike maʻamau wale nō kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, he kanaka hoʻokahi kēlā me kēia ʻīlio a no laila hiki ke ʻokoʻa ka naʻauao mai kahi ʻīlio a ʻīlio.
I kēia mau papa helu, aia ka ʻike hana i mua. ʻAʻole ia he manaʻo, ʻo nā ʻīlio i helu ʻia e Coren ma ke ʻano he ʻuʻuku o ka naʻauao, he "mumu" a maʻalahi paha. No ka hoʻolohe ʻole ʻana o ka ʻīlio i nā kauoha a ke kanaka, ʻaʻole ia he "naʻauao". ʻO Frans de Waal ka mea akamai i ka hana holoholona, no ka laʻana, ua pale aku ʻo Coren i kahi hope loa o Afghan Hound: ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻoki wale ʻia a maloʻo, akā he "manaʻo kūʻokoʻa" ʻaʻole makemake e hahai i nā kauoha. Ua like paha kēia ʻano ʻīlio me nā pōpoki makemake ʻole e hoʻohālikelike.