Mary Allen
I kekahi manawa he mea hoʻonāukiuki ke ʻaihue hou lākou i kahi sanwī iʻa, akā he mea nui ia e like me ke kumu kiʻi: ʻO nā seagulls kekahi ʻāpana o nā kahakai e like me ke one a me nā nalu. Me he mea la he maikai ka noho ana o na manu kahakai ma ke kapakai Baltic. ʻO nā kumulāʻau o ʻelima o nā ʻano ʻeono i hānai ʻia ma ke kahakai ʻo Baltic Sea ua paʻa no nā makahiki, wahi a ke poʻo o ka AG Coastal Bird Protection MV, ʻo Christof Herrmann. Ua piʻi nui aʻe ka nui o nā ʻano hoʻohua ʻana o nā gull poʻo ʻeleʻele ma nā kai kahakai hikina i nā makahiki i hala. I ka makahiki 2008, ua helu ʻia ka poʻe ornithologists ma kahi o 6,500 mau hoa hānau ma kahi o ka Oderhaff a me Achterwassers, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe hānai ma laila i kēia manawa ma mua o ka pālua ma kahi o 16,400 mau pai. Manaʻo ka poʻe ornithologists i ka heluna hānau ʻana ma ke kahakai Baltic holoʻokoʻa o MV ma 17,000 mau pālua.
Ma kahi o 40 mau makahiki i hala aku nei ma kahi o 65,000 mau ʻano hoʻohua o nā gull poʻo ʻeleʻele e noho ana ma kahakai o ka ʻāina. Ua hāʻule nā helu i ka 75 pakeneka mai ka makahiki 1980, e like me ka ʻōlelo a Herrmann. Manaʻo ka poʻe loea ua emi loa ka lako meaʻai i kēlā manawa. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka heluna kanaka i kēia manawa i nā kolone koʻikoʻi ma ke kaona e ʻike ʻia he hopena hoʻōla maoli, wahi a Herrmann. Ua manaʻo ʻia ua ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai i loko o nā wai kai. Eia kekahi, ua kaʻawale ka mokupuni ʻo Riether Werder i nā alopeke, nā raccoons, a me nā martens i ʻimi i nā hua manu a me nā moa no nā makahiki he nui. ʻO ka hopena, ua hiki ke hoʻomohala ʻia kahi ʻāpana gull poʻo ʻeleʻele ma ʻaneʻi mai 2006, a hiki i ka nui ma kahi o 10,000 mau hoa hānau ma 2017.
ʻO Herring Gulls ke kumu o ka pilikia
Huli ka poʻe ornithologists i nā alopeke a me ka huhū ma kekahi mau wahi ma nā wahi hoʻohua nui loa i hiki i nā seagulls a me nā terns e noho mau ana me lākou ke hānai a hānai i nā holoholona ʻōpio me ka pilikia ʻole. "I kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka pūnāwai, hana ʻia kahi ʻimi holoholona hihiu ma nā mokupuni hoʻohua nui e like me Langenwerder, Walfisch, Pagenwerder, Kirr, Böhmke, a me Werder a ma ka Riether Werder." ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo - me ka ʻokoʻa o ka gull ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāina ʻo Oderhaff - ʻaʻole e ulu hou ka nui o nā gull ma muli o ka palena o ka lako meaʻai. “Ua loli nui ka mahiʻai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. ʻAʻole ulu hou nā cereals kauwela a me nā aʻa. I ka wā hānau, ʻaʻole loaʻa i nā gull nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ilo honua i ka hoʻoilo a me nā māla hoʻokamakama e noho aliʻi nei i kēia mau lā. "Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole e like me ka wā GDR, ʻaʻohe wahi ʻōpala ākea kahi i loaʻa ai i nā seagulls a me nā gull herring ka meaʻai lawa.
Hoʻopilikia pinepine nā gull herring i nā huakaʻi kahakai no ka mea, ʻaihue lākou i nā ʻāwīwī iʻa mai ka poʻe hoʻomaha a me ka ʻimi ʻana i nā pahu ʻōpala. Ua paʻa ke kumukūʻai ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki, wahi a Herrmann. Ma kahi o 3000 a hiki i 3500 mau mea hoʻohua ma ke kahakai holoʻokoʻa MV Baltic. ʻO ka hapa nui ma kekahi mau panalāʻau nui e like me ka Pagenwerder a i ʻole ka Barther Oie, akā hoʻopuehu pū ʻia ma nā hale o nā kūlanakauhale kahakai. ʻAʻohe hopena o ka hopu holoholona no ka mea e uku koke ka heluna kanaka i nā āpau. Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā wahi hoʻokipa ma kahakai ʻaʻole e hoʻopili ʻia nā manu i ka maiu ʻōwili iʻa, wahi a Herrmann. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona e like me "ʻAʻole hānai i nā seagulls" ma nā uwa he nui o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka hoʻoikaika nui, nā hopena liʻiliʻi
He ʻokoʻa i nā makahiki 1970 a me 80, i ka wā i hoʻopau ʻia ai ka heluna gull ma East a me West Germany ma lalo o ke kumu o ka pale manu alakaʻi, manaʻo nā ornithologists i kēia manawa he hewa. "Me ka hoʻoikaika nui, hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā hopena liʻiliʻi," wahi a Herrmann. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka ʻike ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā hana hoʻoponopono - ʻohi a hoʻolilo i nā hua manu ʻole, pepehi i nā manu hānai - ua piʻi koke ka heluna kanaka.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka manaʻo mua i hoʻoweliweli ʻia e nā manu kai ʻē aʻe e like me nā terns a me nā limicoles ua hōʻoia ʻia he hewa ʻole. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua manu a me nā ʻōpio mai nā manu kahakai ʻē aʻe i meaʻai, akā ke nānā ʻia ma kahi ākea, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia i ka heluna kanaka o kēia ʻano. "He hana pale ka nui o nā puʻu, no ka laʻana no nā ʻiʻo manu a i ʻole nā terns maʻamau, no ka mea, pale lākou i nā mea ʻaihue e like me nā alopeke." No ka laʻana, hānai wale ʻia ka tern sanwiti i ka pale ʻana i nā koina gull poʻo ʻeleʻele.