Mary Allen
Me ko lākou mau kino palahalaha, maopopo ʻole nā kukuna. Lana ka nani ma ka wai. Ke kanu nei lākou iā lākou iho i lalo o ke kai e hiamoe ai a e hoʻohālua paha i kā lākou mea pio.
ano
He aha ke ʻano o nā kukuna?
He iʻa kahiko loa nā kukuna a, e like me nā manō, no ka ʻohana iʻa cartilaginous. ʻAʻohe o lākou iwi paʻa, ʻo ka cartilage wale nō. He māmā loa ko lākou kino a ʻaʻole pono lākou i ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau e like me nā iʻa ʻē aʻe. ʻO ko lākou kino palahalaha, kahi e noho ai nā pectoral fins e like me ka ahem, he maʻamau. Aia ka waha, nā puka ihu, a me nā ʻāpana ʻelima ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kino.
He mau lua kā lākou i kapa ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ko lākou mau kino, kahi e omo ai lākou i ka wai a lākou e hanu ai a kuhikuhi i ko lākou gills. Noho lākou ma hope o nā maka. He mea koʻikoʻi nā lua ehu hou no ka mea e ola ana nā kukuna ma kahi kokoke i ke kai a ʻeli pinepine i lalo. Hanu lākou i ka lepo a me ka lepo ma ko lākou gills.
He māmā ka ʻaoʻao lalo o ke kino. Hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o luna i ka noho ʻana o nā kukuna, hiki ke ʻulaʻula, akā ʻeleʻele hoʻi. Eia kekahi, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻaoʻao o luna i mea e hoʻopili pono ai nā kukuna i ka lalo o kahi e noho ai lākou. He ʻeleʻele loa ka ʻili o ka kukuna ma muli o nā unahi liʻiliʻi ma luna.
Kapa ʻia lākou he mau unahi placoid a ua hana ʻia me ka dentin a me ka enamel, e like me nā niho. ʻO nā kukuna liʻiliʻi loa he 30 kenimika wale nō ke anawaena, ʻo ka nui loa e like me nā kukuna diabolo a i ʻole nā kukui manta nunui a hiki i ʻehiku mika ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ʻelua mau tona ke kaumaha. He mau lālani niho ko nā kukuna ma ko lākou waha. Inā hāʻule ka niho ma ka lālani mua o nā niho, ʻo ka mea aʻe e lawe.
Ma hea kahi e noho ai nā kukuna?
Noho nā kukuna ma nā kai a pau o ka honua. Loaʻa nui lākou ma nā ʻāina wela a me nā ʻāina wela. Eia nō naʻe, neʻe pū kekahi mau ʻano i ka wai paʻakai a me ka wai maʻemaʻe. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano ʻAmelika Hema e like me ka stingrays e noho wale ana ma nā muliwai nui o ʻAmelika Hema. Noho nā kukuna i nā ʻano hohonu o ke kai - mai ka wai pāpaʻu a hiki i 3000 mika ka hohonu.
He aha nā ʻano kukuna?
Aia ma kahi o 500 mau ʻano kukuna a puni ka honua. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou i nā pūʻulu ʻokoʻa, no ka laʻana, nā kukuna guitar, nā kukuna ʻike, nā kukuna torpedo, nā kukuna maoli, a me nā kukuna ʻaeto.
Hana
Pehea e ola ai nā kukuna?
Ma muli o ka māmā o ko lākou kino, ʻo nā kukuna he poʻe ʻauʻau nani loa. Ua hoʻonui ka ʻaeto i nā pectoral fins a lele i loko o ka wai me nā neʻe nani e like me ka ʻaeto e lele ana i ka lewa - no laila kona inoa.
Ua like nā kukuna a pau i ko lākou ʻano kumu, akā aia nō nā ʻokoʻa ma waena o kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻO ke kukuna ʻaeto, no ka laʻana, he nuku like kona ihu. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā kukuna uila a hiki ke hoʻokuʻu i kā lākou mea pio me nā haʻalulu uila a hiki i ka 220 volts. ʻO nā poʻe ʻē aʻe, e like me ka stingray ʻAmelika, loaʻa ka huelo ʻawaʻawa ma ko lākou huelo. Hiki ke pilikia i ke kanaka ka uila, ka stingrays, a me ka stingrays.
ʻOi aku ka haʻalele ʻana o nā kukuna guitar mai ke ʻano kumu o nā kukuna: Ua like lākou me ke kukuna i mua, akā ʻoi aku ka like me ka manō ma hope. A ʻo ka hihi maʻemaʻe e lawe ana i ke ʻano o nā hale e like me nā niho ma kona kua e pale iā ia iho mai nā mea ʻaihue. He maikaʻi loa ka ʻala a me ka hoʻopā ʻana i nā kukuna. A loaʻa iā lākou kahi ʻano sensory hou: nā ampoules Lorenzini. ʻIke ʻia lākou e like me nā puka liʻiliʻi ma ke alo o ke poʻo.
Aia i loko o nā ampoules kahi mea gelatinous e hoʻohana ai nā kukuna e ʻike i nā manaʻo uila e puka mai ana mai nā neʻe muscular o kā lākou mea pio. Me nā ampoules Lorenzini, hiki i nā kukuna ke "ʻike" i kā lākou mea pio ma ke kai a loaʻa iā ia me ke kōkua ʻole o ko lākou mau maka - aia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ko lākou kino.
ʻO nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻenemi o ka ray
Paʻa loa nā kukuna: pale kekahi iā lākou iho me nā haʻalulu uila, ʻo kekahi me ka ʻona ʻawaʻawa a i ʻole ka lālani niho ʻoi ma ko lākou kua. Akā, i kekahi manawa, holo nā kukuna: A laila kaomi lākou i ka wai ma ko lākou gills a hoʻohana i kēia kumu hoʻihoʻi e pana i ka wai me ka wikiwiki o ka uila.
Pehea e hānau ai nā kukuna?
Hoʻomoe nā kukuna i nā hua capsule me ka uhi ʻili kahi e ulu ai ka ʻōpio. Mālama ka pūpū i ka ʻōpio akā hiki i ka wai ke hele i loko no laila ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka embryo. No laila ʻaʻole lawe ʻia nā hua e ke au, ua loaʻa iā lākou nā mea hoʻopili i hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā hua i ka pōhaku a i nā mea kanu.
I kekahi mau ʻano, ulu ka ʻōpiopio i loko o nā hua i loko o ke kino o ka makuahine. Hoʻopaʻa ka ʻōpiopio ma laila a i ʻole ma hope koke o ka oviposition. ʻO ka manawa hoʻomohala a hiki i ka hatching - ma muli o ke ʻano - ʻehā a 14 mau pule. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā kukuna liʻiliʻi e ko lākou makuahine akā pono e kūʻokoʻa i ka lā hoʻokahi.
mālama
He aha nā kukuna e ʻai ai?
ʻAi nui nā kukuna i nā invertebrates e like me ka mussels, crabs, and echinoderms, akā he iʻa pū kekahi. ʻO kekahi, e like me ka manta ray nunui, ʻai lākou i ka plankton, nā mea liʻiliʻi a lākou e kānana ai i waho o ka wai kai me kā lākou gills.