Mary Allen
ʻO Emys orbicularis, ka honu loko iʻa ʻEulopa, ʻo ia wale nō nā ʻano honu ma Kelemānia a hoʻoweliweli ʻia e pau i kēia ʻāina. Ua hoʻohanohano ka German Society for Herpetology (DGHT no ka pōkole) i kēia ʻano mea kolo me ka makana "Reptile of the Year 2015" ma muli o kona kūlana pale kūikawā. No laila kākau ʻo Kauka Axel Kwet ma ka ʻaoʻao home DGHT:
Ua kūpono ka honu loko iʻa ʻEulopa ma ke ʻano he hae no ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano kūloko a no laila he hōʻailona ia no nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe he nui e huki i ka manaʻo i ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o kā mākou Central European reptile a amphibians a me ko lākou wahi noho.
ʻO Emys Orbicularis – he ʻano mea i pale ʻia
Wahi a ka Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), ua pale paʻa ʻia kēia ʻano a ua helu pū ʻia ma Appendices II a me IV o ka Habitats Directive (Directive 92/43 / EEC o Mei 21, 1992) a ma Appendix II o ka Bern Convention. (1979) e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu o ʻEulopa a me ko lākou mau wahi kūlohelohe.
No nā kumu i ʻōlelo ʻia, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā holoholona a pono ʻoe i kahi palapala ʻae kūikawā e mālama iā lākou, hiki iā ʻoe ke noi i ka mana kūloko kūpono. 'A'ole 'ae 'ia ke kālepa holoholona me ka loa'a 'ole o nā pepa kūpono. I ke kūʻai ʻana, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻae kauoha.
I ka hapanui o nā hihia, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā holoholona ma o nā mea hānai kūikawā. Hoʻopili ka nui o nā hale kūʻai holoholona i nā honu pepeiao ʻoniʻoni mai ʻAmelika ʻĀkau i maʻalahi ke loaʻa no ka mea kūʻai aku a hiki ke kūʻai ʻia no ka mea kūʻai aku. Ke noiʻi nei i nā kumu hoʻolako kūpono, hiki i nā keʻena lapaʻau kūloko ke kōkua iā ʻoe.
ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka Honu Loko ʻEulopa i ke aniau
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka honu loko iʻa ʻEulopa i ke ʻano o ke anuanu i hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama pono i kēia ʻano ma ke ʻano manuahi - ʻoi aku ka nui o nā subspecies Emys orbicularis orbicularis. Ma waho aʻe o ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i loko o ka loko iʻa, aia kekahi koho o ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona i loko o ka aqua terrarium. ʻO ka honu loko iʻa ʻEulopa I loko o nā palapala loea e pili ana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio (a hiki i ʻekolu makahiki) i loko o ka aqua terrarium. A i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mahiʻai manuahi - me ka ʻokoʻa o nā maʻi, no ka acclimatization, etc. ʻO ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ke kaʻawale, ʻo ia ke ʻano maʻamau o ka lā a me ka makahiki a me ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻomālamalama ʻana o ka lā, i mea e pono ai ke olakino a me ke kūlana o nā honu. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā loko iʻa me nā mea kanu kūpono a me nā ʻāina kūlohelohe ke hōʻike i kahi noho kūlohelohe. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā holoholona ma kahi ʻano kūlohelohe: Hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka nānā ʻana.
Nā koi liʻiliʻi no ka mālama ʻana
I ka mālama ʻana a mālama ʻana iā Emys orbicularis, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana i nā kūlana haʻahaʻa i kuhikuhi ʻia:
- Wahi a ka "Hōʻike ma nā koi liʻiliʻi no ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kolo" o 10.01.1997, pono nā mea mālama e hōʻoia i ka wā e waiho ʻia ai kahi pālua o Emys orbicularis (a i ʻole ʻelua mau honu) i loko o kahi terrarium aqua, aia ko lākou wahi kumu wai. ʻElima paha ka nui o ka lōʻihi e like me ka lōʻihi o ka pūpū o ka holoholona nui loa, a ʻo kona laula he hapalua paha ka lōʻihi o ka aqua terrarium. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai e palua ka laulā o ka pahu.
- No kēlā me kēia honu hou aʻe i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka aqua terrarium hoʻokahi, pono e hoʻohui ʻia he 10% i kēia mau ana, mai ka holoholona ʻelima 20%.
- Eia kekahi, pono e mālama pono ʻia ka ʻāpana ʻāina.
- Ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi terrarium aqua, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka ulu ʻana o ka nui o nā holoholona, no ka mea, e loli nā koi liʻiliʻi.
- Wahi a ka hōʻike, pono e like ka wela wela. 30 ° C.
Manaʻo ʻo Rogner (2009) i kahi mahana ma kahi o. 35 ° C-40 ° C i ka cone māmā o ka mea hoʻomehana hoʻomālamalama e hōʻoia i ka maloʻo piha ʻana o ka ʻili reptile a pēlā e pepehi ai i nā microorganisms pathogenic.
Wahi a ka hōʻike, ʻo nā mea hana liʻiliʻi koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe:
- substrate lepo kūpono ma kahi kiʻekiʻe kūpono,
- wahi huna,
- hiki ke piʻi (nā pōhaku, nā lālā, nā lālā) o ka nui kūpono a me nā ana,
- hiki i ke kanu ʻana e hana i kahi microclimate kūpono, e like me nā wahi huna, i waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe,
- i ka mālama ʻana i nā wahine hoʻomoe hua manu ʻokoʻa nā koho koho hua manu kūikawā.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka Aquaterrarium
He kūpono loa nā Aquaterrariums no ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o nā honu loko o ʻEulopa, e like me nā holoholona ʻōpio B. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka hoʻolilo ʻana no nā mea pono pono ma mua o ka mahiʻai manuahi.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi o ka aqua terrarium ka hopena mai nā koi liʻiliʻi i kuhikuhi ʻia (e ʻike i luna). E like me nā manawa a pau, ʻo ia nā koi liʻiliʻi loa. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā terrariums nui aʻe.
Pono e koho ʻia ke kūlana o ka vivarium i ʻole ke keʻakeʻa a i ʻole ka pōʻino i ka wahi pivoting o nā puka a me nā puka makani a i ke koho ʻana i kahi lumi, pono e mālama ʻia e pale i ka haunaele mau a me ka walaʻau i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i nā holoholona. Pono e maloʻo nā paia e pili ana i mea e pale ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pala.
No nā kumu hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻi, he mea kūpono ka hoʻolako ʻana i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka ʻāina, no ka mea aia ka wai i loko o kahi wahi kūpono no ka bacteria, fungi, a me nā microorganism ʻē aʻe e hiki ke alakaʻi i ka maʻi o ka honu loko.
He mea nui ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui kūpono no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomehana ʻana i ka honu, me nā kukui halide metala i hui pū ʻia me nā kukui fluorescent. I mea e pale aku ai i ka ʻōlinolino ʻana o ke kukui uila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ballast uila (EVG) ma mua o nā ballast maʻamau. I ke koho ʻana i ke kukui, pono e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi spectrum UV kūpono, ʻoiai inā he kumukūʻai nā kukui e pili ana akā pono pono no ka metabolism a me ke olakino o ka honu. Ma ke ʻano o ka mālamalama, pono e hoʻohālike ʻia ka papa ʻāina maoli o ka lā a me ka makahiki i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka noho ʻana e like me ka hiki. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā manawa no kēia. Hiki iā lākou ke ho'ā a hoʻopau i nā kukui i ka lā.
ʻO ka nānā mau ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai a me nā hoʻololi wai e pili ana i nā pono he ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mālama. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia kēia hoʻololi ʻana ma o nā pahu wai a i ʻole ma ke ʻano "suction hose method". Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōnaehana kānana inā ʻaʻole lākou e alakaʻi i nā au i makemake ʻole ʻia e kaʻawili i nā honu a me nā ʻāpana o ka wai a puni a alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ikehu e nā holoholona. Aia kekahi koho e hoʻopili i ka hose hoʻihoʻi i ka kānana ma luna o ka ʻili o ka wai. ʻO ka rippling makemake i ka hāʻawi oxygen a no laila he hopena maikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
Paipai ʻo Bächtiger (2005) i ka pale ʻana i ka kānana mechanical no nā loko e kū pono ana ma ka pukaaniani. Maikaʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pua mussel a me nā hyacinths wai ma ke ʻano kānana olaola: Hoʻopau ʻia ka ʻōpala i kēlā me kēia manawa a laila hoʻopiha ʻia ke kīʻaha me ka wai hou.
Hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā lālā (e like me ka lālā kahiko kaumaha ʻo Sambucus nigra) a me nā mea like i ka ʻāpana wai a kūkulu i ka loko. Hiki i nā honu loko iʻa ke piʻi i luna a ʻimi i nā wahi kūpono i ka lā. Hāʻawi nā mea kanu wai lele ma kekahi ʻāpana o ka loko i ka uhi a me ka pale.
ʻO ka hānai mau ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻai ʻana i nā meaʻai he mea nui ia o ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana iā lākou. I ka hānai ʻana i nā holoholona ʻōpio, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka lawa o ka protein. Pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ka lawe ʻana i ka calcium kiʻekiʻe. I loko o ka loko iʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka ʻole o ka hānai ʻana, no ka mea, maʻa mau ka nui o nā snails, nā ilo, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōpala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. , carbohydrates, nā momona, nā huaora, a me nā minela.
ʻO nā ilo a me nā larvae insect a me nā ʻāpana pipi, i hoʻonui ʻia me nā mea hoʻohui huaora a me ka mineral, kūpono no ka hānai ʻana. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hānai i ka moa maka no ka pilikia o salmonella. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe e hānai i ka iʻa no ka mea aia ka enzyme thiaminase, ka mea e pale ai i ka lawe ʻana i ka huaʻa B. He maʻalahi loa ka hānai ʻana i nā lāʻau meaʻai hiki ke kūʻai ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, pono ʻoe e hōʻoia i ka ʻai ʻokoʻa a e makaʻala ʻaʻole e hānai i nā holoholona!
Pono e hana ʻia nā ipu hoʻomoe no nā wahine makua kāne (Bächtiger, 2005), i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ke one a me ka peat. Pono ka hohonu o ka substrate ma kahi o 20 cm. Pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau ka hui ʻana i mea e pale ai i ka hina ʻana o ka lua hua i ka wā e ʻeli ai. Pono e hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mea hoʻomehana uila (HQI lamp) ma luna o kēlā me kēia wahi e waiho ai. ʻO ka hoʻoilo i kūpono i nā ʻano he mea paʻakikī loa ia no ka poʻe maʻamau. Aia nā mea like ʻole ma aneʻi. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i nā holoholona ke hibernate i loko o ka pahu hau i nā mahana ma luna o ka pae hau, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā honu ke hibernate i loko o kahi anuanu (4 ° -6 ° C), lumi pouli.
Mālama i loko o ka loko iʻa
Pono kahi wahi kūpono no kahi ʻōnaehana waho Emys e hāʻawi i ka nui o ka lā e like me ka hiki, no laila he mea pono loa ka ʻaoʻao hema. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻae ʻana i ka lā mai ka ʻaoʻao hikina e like me ke kakahiaka nui. ʻAʻole pono nā kumu lāʻau a me nā larch ma kahi kokoke i ka loko iʻa, no ka mea he hopena maikaʻi ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o nā lau a i ʻole nā nila i ka maikaʻi o ka wai.
Manaʻo ʻia kahi pā pakele a me ka pa opaque a i ʻole like no ka palena o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ma ʻaneʻi nā kūkulu lāʻau e like me ka L i lalo, no ka mea, ʻaʻole hiki i nā holoholona ke piʻi ma luna o nā papa ākea. Akā ʻo nā pā i hana ʻia me nā pōhaku maʻemaʻe, nā mea palaki a i ʻole nā mea plastic i hōʻoiaʻiʻo iā lākou iho.
Pono ʻoe e pale i ka piʻi ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā kumu lāʻau nui ma ka lihi o ka ʻōnaehana. He mau mea pena kiʻi piʻi maoli ʻo Emys a hoʻohana i nā manawa he nui e makaʻala i nā wahi a puni.
Pono e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka pā i kekahi mau iniha i loko o ka lepo i ʻole e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. Hāʻawi i ka palekana mai nā mea ʻaihue lewa (e laʻa i nā manu lele like ʻole), ʻoi aku hoʻi no nā holoholona liʻiliʻi, kahi ʻupena a i ʻole ka pā ma luna o ka ʻōnaehana.
Hiki ke uhi ʻia ka papahele o ka loko i ka pālolo, hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a hoʻopiha ʻia me ka ʻiliʻili a i ʻole hiki ke hana ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka loko foil a i ʻole ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā loko iʻa i hana mua ʻia a i ʻole nā moena plastik i hoʻoikaika ʻia i ke aniani fiber. Ua wehewehe ʻo Langer (2003) i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā moena GRP i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna.
Hiki ke koho ʻia ke kanu ʻana i ka wahi wai. Me nā loko foil, akā naʻe, pono e hōʻalo ʻia nā bulrushes, no ka mea, hiki i nā aʻa ke hou i ka pahu.
Manaʻo ʻo Mähn (2003) i kēia mau ʻano mea kanu no ka wahi wai o kahi ʻōnaehana Emys:
- ʻO ka hornwort maʻamau (Ceratophyllum demersum)
- Waʻa wai (Ranunculus aquatilis)
- ʻO ka maiuu pāpaʻi (Statiotes aloides)
- Duckweed (Lemna gibba; Lemna minor)
- Nahu rana (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae)
- Pond rose (Nuphar lutea)
- Lily wai (Nymphaea sp.)
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Mähn (2003) i kēia mau ʻano no ke kanu panakō:
- Lunamakaainana o ka ʻohana sedge (Carex sp.)
- Puna rana (Alisma plantago-aquatica)
- ʻO nā ʻano Iris liʻiliʻi (Iris sp.)
- ʻO ka lāʻau pike ʻĀkau (Pontederia cordata)
- Marsh marigold (Caltha palustris)
ʻAʻole hāʻawi wale nā mea kanu paʻa i ka hopena o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai akā nā wahi huna no nā holoholona. Makemake nā keiki honu loko iʻa ʻEulopa i ka ʻauʻau lā ma nā lau lilia wai. Loaʻa i nā honu ka meaʻai ma laila a hiki ke hoʻolālā i kā lākou ʻai ʻana. ʻO ka hopu ʻana i nā mea ola e pono ai ka motika, chemosensory a me nā mākau ʻike a koi aku i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. Mālama kēia i kou mau honu i ke kino a me ka ʻike.
Pono i loko o ka loko iʻa nā ʻāpana wai pāpaʻu e wela koke.
Pono nō hoʻi nā ʻāpana loko hohonu, no ka mea, pono ka wai anuanu no ka hoʻoponopono wela.
ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o ka hohonu o ka wai no ka hoʻoilo ʻana i nā holoholona i loko o ka pā waho ma kahi liʻiliʻi. 80 knm (ma nā wahi i makemake nui ʻia, inā ʻaʻole 100 cm).
ʻO nā lālā e puka mai ana mai loko mai o ka wai ka loko iʻa a hāʻawi i nā kuhukukū i ka manawa e lawe nui i ka lā i ka manawa like a e ʻimi koke i kahi malu ma lalo o ka wai i ka wā o ka pilikia.
I ka mālama ʻana i ʻelua kāne a ʻoi aku paha, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi pā ākea i loaʻa i ʻelua mau loko, no ka mea, ʻo ke ʻano ʻāina o nā holoholona kāne e hoʻoulu ai i ke kaumaha. Hiki i nā holoholona nāwaliwali ke hoʻi i kahi loko iʻa ʻē aʻe a ua pale ʻia nā hakakā ʻāina.
He mea nui hoʻi ka nui o ka loko iʻa: ma kahi nui o ka wai, me ke kanu kūpono, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi kaulike kaiaola, no laila ʻaʻole mālama ʻia kēia mau ʻōnaehana, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi a pale i nā hana pono ʻole. ma ka noho ana ma kekahi. Hiki ke hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pumps a me nā ʻōnaehana kānana ma lalo o kēia mau kūlana.
I ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka panakō, pono ʻoe e makaʻala i nā wahi panakō pāpaʻu i hiki i nā holoholona ke haʻalele i ka wai maʻalahi (ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā holoholona ʻōpio a me nā holoholona ʻōpio inā ʻoi aku ka pali a i ʻole ka laumania o nā wahi panakō). Hiki ke kōkua ʻia nā moena niu i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a i ʻole nā hale pōhaku ma ka lihi o ka wai.
Pono e hoʻolako ʻia nā wahi oviposition no nā wahine makua kāne ma waho. Manaʻo ʻo Mähn (2003) i ka hana ʻana i nā puʻu hua manu. Hoʻohui ʻia ka hui ʻana o kahi hapakolu o ke one a me ʻelua hapakolu o ka ʻāina māla loamy e like me kahi substrate. Pono e hoʻolālā ʻia kēia mau puʻu me ka ʻole o nā mea kanu. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o kēia mau kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i 25 cm, ʻo ke anawaena e pili ana i 80 cm, pono e koho ʻia ke kūlana i ʻike ʻia i ka lā. Ma lalo o kekahi mau kūlana, kūpono hoʻi ka mea kanu no ka hoʻolaha kūlohelohe. Hiki ke loaʻa kahi papa helu kūpono ma Rogner (2009, 117).
Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke koena o ka mea kanu e nā mea kanu haʻahaʻa.
Panina
Ma ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i kēia mea kolo a mālama ʻia, ke komo ikaika nei ʻoe i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano mea. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā koi iā ʻoe iho: ʻo ka mālama ʻana i kahi mea ola i mālama ʻia ma ke ʻano kūpono o nā ʻano, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka manawa, he hana koʻikoʻi loa ia e pono ai ka nui o ka manawa, kūpaʻa, a me ka hoʻoikaika.