Mary Allen
ʻO nā ʻano mea kanu, no ka laʻana, kulina, kamato, ʻoka ʻoka, beech maʻamau, a i ʻole alpine edelweiss. ʻO ka ʻano ʻano ka ʻāpana haʻahaʻa inā makemake kekahi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea kanu me ke kūpono. Hiki i nā mea kanu o kekahi ʻano ke hoʻonui i waena o lākou iho a pēlā e laha ai. Loaʻa iā lākou nā waiwai maʻamau, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole i loaʻa i kahi tōmato a me kahi kumulāʻau.
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kekahi mau ʻano mea kanu me nā ʻano like i loko o nā genera. ʻO kekahi mau genera me nā hiʻohiʻona like i hoʻololi i nā ʻohana. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kēia mau mea i nā kauoha, nā papa, a me nā keʻena. ʻO ia ka hui nui loa. No laila ke ulu nei ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, no laila ʻo ka ʻano mea kanu ka hoʻokaʻawale pololei loa. Ma waena, aia nā mahele ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Ua like ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana me nā ʻano holoholona, hoʻokahi ʻokoʻa: ua māhele ʻia ke aupuni holoholona i nā ʻohana like ʻole, a ua māhele ʻia ke aupuni mea kanu i nā ʻāpana like ʻole. Ua like ke koena. Ma ka ʻepekema, ua hoʻololi hou ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. I ka wā ma mua, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kanu e like me ko lākou ʻano like. I kēia mau lā, hoʻoholo ʻia ka pilina e nā genes.
Pehea mākou e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā mea kanu i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā?
Ma ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā, hoʻokaʻawale mākou i nā mea kanu e like me kā mākou makemake iā lākou: he pua kā mākou e nānā ai. ʻAi maʻamau mākou i nā hua a me nā huaʻai maka, pinepine i mea ʻai. ʻAi nō hoʻi mākou i ka salakeke, akā ʻo ka hapa nui me ka ʻuala a pono mākou i nā ʻokiʻoki no ia mea. Hoʻomoʻa pinepine mākou i nā mea kanu a ʻaʻole ʻai maka, no ka laʻana, kāloti.
Ma nā kikowaena māla, paʻakikī hoʻi ka ʻōlelo kamaʻilio. Maʻaneʻi, hoʻohana hewa ʻia nā huaʻōlelo like ʻole no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea kanu. ʻŌlelo pinepine kekahi i nā ʻano mea kanu, akā ʻo ke ʻano maoli he genus. ʻO kēia ka hui mua ma luna. Eia kekahi laʻana,ʻaʻohe "oak" ma keʻano he mea kanu. Akā aia ke ʻano o nā ʻoka. ʻO kēia nā ʻano o ka cork oak, pedunculate oak, holm oak, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Akā pinepine ka mea akamai wale nō e ʻike i ka ʻokoʻa.
Pehea ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻana o nā mea kanu i ka biology?
Ma ka biology, ʻike ʻoe i nā mea ʻokoʻa. ʻO ka ʻāpala, no ka laʻana, ʻo ia ka pua mua a ma hope wale nō ka hua. Inā lōʻihi ka waiho ʻana i ka letus a me nā mea kanu i loko o ka māla, e ulu pū lākou i nā pua a me nā hua hope. No laila ʻaʻole maikaʻi ia no ka hoʻokaʻawale pololei ʻana. No laila ua hoʻomohala nā mea olaola i kahi ʻōnaehana pololei. Kapa lākou iā ia he "biosystematics" a i ʻole "taxonomy".
I loko o nā mea olaola, ʻehā ʻāpana o ke aupuni mea kanu: nā liverworts, nā mosses, nā hornworts, a me nā mea kanu vascular. ʻO nā mea kanu vascular ka mea kaulana loa. E hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i ʻelua ʻāpana, me ka noʻonoʻo inā he mau hua a ʻaʻole paha.
Ma ka mahele ana o na mea kanu anoano, e kahaha ana kekahi ina ua paa na anoano iloko o ka ovary. Inā pēlā, ʻōlelo kekahi i ka papa o nā mea kanu pua. Aia he 226,000 mau ʻano. Loaʻa kēia i ka hapa nui o kā mākou mea kanu pua, ʻo ia hoʻi nā pua, nā hua, nā hua, nā lāʻau deciduous, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui. Inā hāmama ka ovary, ʻōlelo kekahi i ka papa o nā nudibranchs. ʻO kēia nā conifers e like me ka fir, spruce, larch, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kanu hua, aia kekahi mau mea kanu e hana hou me ka hua ʻole. Loaʻa kēia i nā ferns, e hana hou ana me nā spores. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole maopopo loa i ka ʻepekema ʻo wai nā mea kanu e pono e hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kēia māhele.