Mary Allen
ʻO nā lāʻau pāma nā mea kanu a mākou i ʻike ai mai nā ʻāina hema. He kumu lōʻihi ko lākou i hāʻule ai nā lau. He lau wale nō ma luna. Ua like nā lau me ka pā a i ʻole ka hulu manu. Hāʻawi kekahi mau lāʻau pāma i nā hua ʻoleaginous, niu, a i ʻole lā.
Hiki ke ʻokoʻa loa nā lāʻau pama. No nā mea olaola, hoʻokumu nā pāma i ʻohana. He 183 genera a me 2600 mau ʻano ʻano like ʻole. ʻO nā lāʻau pama nā mea mua: ʻO ka lau lōʻihi loa ma ke ʻano he lau pama me ka lōʻihi o 25 mika. No ka lāʻau pāma mai ka hua kaumaha loa ma ka honua a he 22 kilokani kona kaumaha. ʻEhiku a me ka hapalua mika ka lōʻihi o ka pua pua a ulu pū ma ka lāʻau pāma.
Loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau pāma ma nā wao ua, akā ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi ka wai. Ke ulu nei lākou ma nā subtropics, no ka laʻana a puni ka Mediterranean. Aia lākou a hiki i nā Alps, no ka laʻana ma Ticino ma Switzerland. Akā, ulu pū lākou ma nā wahi me kahi mahana wela ma ka ʻākau o nā Alps, no ka laʻana ma ka canton o Uri. ʻO ka makani wela ma laila, ka foehn, hiki ke ola.
Pehea ka ulu ʻana o nā lāʻau pāma?
ʻOkoʻa loa nā lāʻau pama. Hiki iā lākou ke ulu a hiki i kanaono mika ke kiʻekiʻe a noho haʻahaʻa loa. Kū kaʻawale kekahi, a hui pū kekahi. Mohala kekahi i kekahi mau manawa i ko lakou ola ana, hookahi wale no kekahi, alaila make.
ʻAʻole lāʻau pāma. ʻOi aku ka mānoanoa o ko lākou kumu ma kahi e ulu ai ka lōʻihi, ʻo ia hoʻi ma luna. ʻAʻole i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau maoli. No laila ua ʻōlelo wale ʻia ʻo "lignified" ka pahu. ʻOi aku ka lahilahi o nā kumu pama.
Ma kekahi mau pāma, aia i loko o nā pua nā ʻāpana kāne a me nā wahine, e like me kā mākou mau ʻāpala, peaches, a me ka hapa nui o nā hua a me nā hua. I ka nui o nā ʻano pāma, he kāne a he wahine paha nā pua. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia kēia ma nā mea kanu lā: ʻelua a ʻekolu wale nō pāma kāne i kanu ʻia ma hoʻokahi haneli pāma wahine. Piʻi ka poʻe hana i kahi lāʻau pāma kāne a loaʻa nā inflorescences. A laila piʻi lākou i luna o nā mea kanu wahine a hoʻomomona i nā pua ma laila.
Pono ka nui o nā lāʻau pāma i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i ka lepo. Pēlā nō ma ka ululāʻau, akā ma ka wao nahele. ʻO nā lāʻau pāma i ka wao ua nui ka wai. Ua ʻoluʻolu nā lāʻau pāma i nā oases me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai. ʻAʻole pono ʻoe i ka ua. Ua lawa ka wai lepo no lākou no ka mea he hohonu loa ko lākou aʻa. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau ʻano ma mua o nā ʻano ma nā wahi pulu.
He aha nā meaʻai i hāʻawi ʻia e nā pāma?
Ma kahi o 100 mau ʻano lāʻau pāma e hua mai i nā hua ʻai. ʻElua wale nō mākou i ʻike. Kūʻai mākou i nā lā me ka pōhaku a ʻaʻole ʻole a ʻai maʻamau i kēlā ala, i kekahi manawa hoʻopiha i ka marzipan a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lua ka niu. Kūʻai maʻamau ʻoe i kā lākou pulp mai iā mākou i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi maloʻo a ʻoki ʻia e kālua ai i kekahi mea. Nui nō hoʻi nā pāpaʻi i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā ʻōpala niu i loko. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka momona niu mai ka pulp, a mākou e hoʻohana pinepine ai no ka palai. Loaʻa pinepine i ka margarine ka momona niu.
ʻOi aku ka maʻamau o ka palmyra palm ma ka honua. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i kahi ʻāpana lahilahi mai kāna mau pua kāne a hoʻohana iā ia e kaomi i kahi wai i loaʻa i ka nui o ke kō. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻolapalapa a loaʻa kahi kō kūikawā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻae i ka wai e ferment e hana i ka waiʻona. He waina pāma kēia.
Loaʻa ka ʻaila pāma mai ka ʻaila ʻaila. ʻElima kenimika ka lōʻihi o kona mau hua a ʻekolu kenimika ka mānoanoa. Ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka pulp he aila, hiki ke paʻi ʻia. Hana ʻia ka ʻaila pāma. ʻO ka ʻaila pū kekahi me ka hapalua ʻaila, kahi e kaomi ʻia ai ka ʻaila pāma. Ma kahi o iwakālua kilokani hua e ulu ana ma ka lāʻau pāma i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He mea maikai ka aila pama. ʻAʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe ke ʻohi i ka nui o ka aila mai ka ʻāina like. ʻO ka pilikia, ʻo ia ke ʻoki ʻia nei nā wao ua nui no ka hana ʻana i nā mea kanu aila pāma. Hana ʻia kēia ma Malaysia a me Indonesia.
Aia nā ʻāpana o loko o ke kumu ma ka piko o ka pāma hiki ke ʻai ʻia. Kapa ʻia lākou ʻo "nā naʻau pama" a i ʻole "nā naʻau pama". No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e ʻoki i ka lāʻau pāma, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e ulu hou. Loaʻa ka naʻau o ka pāma ma Brazil, Paraguay, a me Argentina. Loaʻa pinepine ʻoe i nā puʻuwai pāma ke hoʻopau ʻia ka ululāʻau.
He aha nā mea kūkulu hale i hāʻawi ʻia e nā lāʻau pāma?
I nā ʻāina he nui, kūkulu ʻia nā hale e nā ʻohana. Uhi nā kamaʻāina i nā kaupaku me nā ʻōpala o nā lau pāma. Mālama maikaʻi lākou i ka wai inā ʻoe e hoʻopaʻa pono iā lākou. I ka wā ma mua, ma ʻEulopa, ua uhi ʻia nā hale i ka mauʻu a i ʻole nā ʻohe i ke ʻano like.
Hāʻawi nā lāʻau lāʻau i nā lālā lahilahi i hiki ke wili maikaʻi ʻia. Ua ʻike mākou i nā lako rattan mai ka hale kūʻai. I loko o ka hale kūʻai hana lima, ua kapa ʻia nā ʻōpuʻu he "ʻoʻo rattan". Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā ia e ulana i nā hīnaʻi, nā noho no nā noho, a i ʻole nā lako noho holoʻokoʻa. No ka mea, ʻaʻole mākou e ulu i nā lāʻau lāʻau, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā wana willow. Mālama mākou i kēia kumulāʻau no kēia kumu.
He aha nā lāʻau pāma e pono ai?
He mea nui nā lāʻau pama no ka lepo. Hoʻopaʻa lākou i ka honua me ko lākou aʻa. No laila ʻaʻole hiki i ka makani a me ka ua ke lawe aku i ka honua.
Hoʻomanaʻo mai nā lāʻau pāma iā mākou i nā hoʻomaha ma ka hema, ʻo ia paha ke kumu i makemake nui ai ka poʻe iā lākou. No laila kanu pinepine ʻia nā lāʻau pama i loko o nā ipuhao. Hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i waho i ke kauwela a hoʻoneʻe iā lākou i kahi mahana i ka hoʻoilo. Aia kekahi ʻano pāma i loko o nā ipuhao hiki ke mālama ʻia i loko o ka hale a puni ka makahiki.