Mary Allen
ʻO ka mitral nocardiosis ka maʻi puʻuwai maʻamau i nā ʻīlio. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo Mitral insufficiency ma ke ʻano he synonym, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole pololei loa.
ʻO ka mitral nocardiosis kahi maʻi degenerative o ka ʻiʻo pili o ka valve mitral (ka atrial valve ma waena o ka atrium hema a haʻalele i ke keʻena nui), kahi e "roll up" nā lau valve. Hoʻohana ʻia nā kiwi puʻuwai ma ke ʻano he kīpē hoʻihoʻi ʻole, ʻo ia hoʻi e ʻae lākou i ke kahe o ke koko ma kahi ʻaoʻao a ʻaʻole i kekahi. Nalo hapa kēia hana i ka wā e ʻōwili ʻia ai ka lau o ka valve, a lilo ka valve i leaky (a ʻaʻole lawa). ʻO kēia hemahema, he mea nui ia no ka holomua o ka maʻi a me ka ulu ʻana o nā hōʻailona maʻi. I ka pae hope loa, hōʻiliʻili ke koko i loko o ka māmā ma o ka atrium hema a me ka edema pulmonary ("wai i loko o ka māmā") e kū mai. I ka hihia ʻoi loa, endocarditis mitral valve alakaʻi i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka naʻau.
Ma waho aʻe o ka endocarditis mitral, loaʻa pinepine ka endocarditis tricuspid - ʻo ia ka maʻi degenerative o ka valve atrial akau. I ka pae kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ke koko ke hoʻi hou i loko o ka ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a no laila i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū ("ascites" a i ʻole ka wai ʻōpū) a me ka umauma ("thoracic effusion" a i ʻole "pleural effusion").
ʻO wai nā ʻīlio e maʻi?
E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo mua ʻia, ʻo ia ka maʻi puʻuwai maʻamau i nā ʻīlio, ʻaʻole loaʻa i nā pōpoki. ʻIke mua ʻia ka maʻi ma ka hapa nui o nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi mai ka makahiki 7 a hiki i 8 mau makahiki. ʻO kahi ʻokoʻa ʻo ka Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, ka mea i hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia mai ka makahiki 1.5 - 2 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole liʻiliʻi ka maʻi o nā ʻīlio nui ma mua o nā ʻano liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā ʻīlio ʻīlio i hoʻopilikia pinepine ʻia:
- ʻO Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
- luuluu
- poodle liʻiliʻi
- ʻO Yorkshire terrier
He aha nā hōʻailona e ʻike ai ka mea nona?
ʻAʻole hōʻike nā ʻīlio i ka wā mua a i ka waena waena. Ma o nā ʻano hana hoʻomalu like ʻole, hiki i ke kino ke uku maʻamau no ka maʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi. Mai kekahi manawa i ka manawa, akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i ke kino ke hoʻokele i kēia a hiki ke decompensation. Mai ka manawa o ka decompensation, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona maʻi i ka mea nona. ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau ka:
- ʻOlelo
- ʻO ka hanu wikiwiki a i ʻole pōkole o ka hanu
- Haʻahaʻa (ma nā pae hope wale nō)
- mau māʻulehu
- ʻO ka ʻeleʻele hope
- ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻōpū (ma ka endocarditis tricuspid wale nō)
ʻAʻole kikoʻī nā hōʻailona ma luna a no laila hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia e nā ʻano maʻi ʻē aʻe. Ma muli wale nō o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka endocarditis mitral valve ka mea maʻi, ʻaʻole ia he manaʻo e hoʻomaka koke ʻia kā lākou mau hōʻailona e kēlā ʻano!
ʻO ke kumu, inā loaʻa nā hōʻailona ma muli o ka maʻi puʻuwai, e hoʻomau lākou i ka ʻino i kahi manawa pōkole.
No laila, ʻo ka maʻi maʻi puʻuwai i mālama ʻole ʻia e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o kekahi mau lā a i ʻole kekahi mau pule a hiki i ka hanu wikiwiki a hiki i ka pōkole o ka hanu.
Hōʻike mau nā hōʻailona pili i ka puʻuwai i ke ʻano o ka ʻino - ʻoiai ʻaʻole lawa ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kumu ʻia e ka maʻi maʻi puʻuwai. Pēlā nō i ka ʻūhā ʻana, e hana hou a nalo wale.
ʻIke wale ʻia nā hōʻailona e ka mea nona i ka wā hope, ʻoi aku ka maʻi o ka maʻi no ka manawa lōʻihi me ka ʻole o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā hōʻailona!
Pīhoihoi ka nui o nā mea nona ka ʻīlio i ka manawa pōkole o ka hanu ma muli o ka endocarditis mitral no ka mea a hiki i ia manawa ʻaʻole lākou i ʻike i nā loli i kā lākou holoholona!
He aha ke kumu o ka Endocarditis?
ʻO ka Endocarditis e pili ana i nā hoʻololi degenerative i loko o nā puʻuwai puʻuwai. ʻAʻole ʻike ʻia ka hoʻomaka pololei. ʻO ka mumū o nā puʻuwai puʻuwai ke kumu no ka manawa lōʻihi, akā ua hōʻole ʻia kēia manaʻo no ka manawa lōʻihi. He hanana genetic paha ia, i manaʻo ʻia e ka hanana pinepine ʻana i kekahi mau ʻīlio liʻiliʻi e like me ka Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. ʻO ka hope loa, hoʻololi ke ʻano a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka ʻiʻo pili o ka valve mitral a / a tricuspid a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻohui. ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā ʻiʻo pili e wehe i kā lākou paʻa, e "roll-up" ka valve a me kona ʻano like me ka lāʻau i ka ultrasound. I ka manawa like, hiki i kekahi o nā ligaments hoʻokuʻu o nā puʻuwai ("chordate tendineae") hiki ke nahaehae, ka hopena o ka prolapse, ʻo ia hoʻi he "kuʻi" o kēlā me kēia valve. ʻO kēia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i ka leak e kū nei. E like me ka mea i wehewehe mua ʻia, pili wale ka endocarditis i nā ʻāpana atrioventricular ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mitral a me ka tricuspid valve. Hoʻopili ʻia ka valve mitral wale nō i 60% o nā hihia, ʻo ka valve tricuspid i 10%, a ʻo nā valve ʻelua i 30%.
Pehea ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka maʻi?
Hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia kahi hōʻailona mua ma ke kumu o ka hoʻokolohua lapaʻau ma o ka hoʻolohe ʻana ("auscultation"), kahi i ʻike ʻia ai ka ʻōhumu o ka naʻau. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole ʻae ka puʻuwai e ʻae i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka maʻi! I ka hui pū ʻana me kahi X-ray, akā naʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi manaʻo maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka paʻakikī. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea hana diagnostic pono loa ʻo ia ka ultrasound puʻuwai me kahi hoʻokolokolo Doppler. Maanei hiki ke ana pono ia na keena a me ka morphology o na kiwi. ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo Doppler ka mea hiki ke hōʻike a helu i ke kahe hoʻi o ke koko. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hana ʻia ma aneʻi e pili ana i ka hana pumping o nā keʻena nui a e pili ana i nā kaomi hoʻopiha intracardiac.
Pehea ka holomua o ka mai?
Ke hele mālie nei ka maʻi. ʻO ka poʻe maʻi me ka nocardiosis mitral pono e nānā mau i mea e hiki ai ke loiloi maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka maʻi a hiki ke komo i ka therapeutically inā pono. He mau makahiki ma waena o ka ʻike mua ʻana o ka maʻi a me ka ʻike ʻana o nā hōʻailona maʻi. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia i kēlā me kēia maʻi. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻīlio nui, inā ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka maʻi ma ʻaneʻi. Inā noho ka mea maʻi i ka pae hope me ka wai i loko o ka māmā ("pulmonary edema"), ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka manawa ola ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki.
Loaʻa kahi manawa e ola hou ai?
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka maʻi ma ka hōʻailona wale nō, me ka nānā ʻana ma aneʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ke ola. ʻO ka mea pōmaikaʻi, nui ka poʻe maʻi e maʻi i ka wā ʻelemakule, no laila ʻaʻole lākou e ulu i nā hōʻailona ma muli o ka lohi pinepine o ka maʻi. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano hana lapaʻau (valve repair) akā ʻaʻole i hana nui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona ma muli o ke kumukūʻai nui.
He aha nā koho lāʻau lapaʻau ma laila?
I kēia manawa, nui ka huikau ma kēia kumuhana. No ka manawa lōʻihi, he mea maʻamau ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi me nā ACE inhibitors a i ʻole nā hoʻomākaukau digitalis ma muli wale nō o kahi ʻike wiretapping. Ua pau kēia hana i kēia manawa. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e hoʻoholo ʻia ka pae o ka maʻi ma o ka X-ray a i ʻole, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, kahi ultrasound, no ka mea, pili ka hana therapeutic hou i kēia.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pae aʻe:
- A: ʻO ka maʻi i ka pilikia: ʻaʻole maʻi ka ʻīlio, akā ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻano ʻano mua (e laʻa me ka liʻiliʻi, ʻīlio kahiko, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel)
- B1: ʻīlio asymptomatic (a i ʻole ʻīlio me nā hōʻailona pili ʻole i ka maʻi puʻuwai) me ka maʻi valvular me ka hoʻonui ʻole o ka puʻuwai.
- B2: ʻīlio asymptomatic (a ʻīlio paha me nā hōʻailona pili ʻole i ka maʻi puʻuwai) me ka maʻi valvular me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka puʻuwai.
- C: ʻīlio hōʻailona ma ka puʻuwai congestive (pulmonary edema) ma muli o ka maʻi valvular
- D: ʻīlio hōʻailona ma ka puʻuwai congestive ʻaʻole pane i ka lāʻau maʻamau
Pae A
ʻaʻohe ala lapaʻau
Pae B1
ʻAʻole pono nā ʻīlio me ka puʻuwai nui ʻole i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia i ka nui o nā mea nona i ka wā mua, no ka mea ua loaʻa kā lākou holoholona i ka maʻi puʻuwai, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, e like me ka lāʻau lapaʻau kanaka, ʻaʻohe lāʻau lapaʻau e hiki ke hoʻoikaika maikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka maʻi i kēia manawa.
Pae B2
I kēia manawa naʻe, aia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maikaʻi no nā ʻīlio mai kahi pae haʻahaʻa kahi e hoʻonui ʻia ai ka puʻuwai. Ma kekahi o nā haʻawina cardiology lāʻau nui loa a hiki i kēia lā, ua hōʻike ʻia ka pimobendan i ka maikaʻi loa. Ke alakaʻi nei ka lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka nui o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a me ka hoʻonui nui ʻana o ka manawa hōʻailona ʻole. No laila ʻo Pimobendan ka lāʻau i koho ʻia no nā poʻe maʻi me nā puʻuwai hoʻonui.
Ka Papa C
Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea maʻi decompensated me ka edema pulmonary me ka hui pū ʻana o nā lāʻau wai wai ("diuretics", furosemide or torasemide) a me ka pimobendan. Pono e nīnau koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ACE inhibitors e like me ka benazepril a i ʻole enalapril a i ʻole ka mineralocorticoid antagonist spironolactone a pono e hoʻoholo i kēlā me kēia hihia.
I kekahi manawa aia nā arrhythmias cardiac lua, a laila pono e mālama ʻia me kahi antiarrhythmic, ma muli o ko lākou koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole pono ka lāʻau anticoagulant hou no nā ʻīlio. E like me nā maʻi puʻuwai ʻē aʻe a pau, i ka manawa i hoʻomaka ʻia ai ka lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e hoʻomau ʻia no ke ola ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia hihia.
Ka Papa D
Ma kahi o nā lāʻau i ʻōlelo ʻia ma ka pae C, hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia nā diuretics ʻē aʻe e like me hydrochlorothiazide a i ʻole spironolactone. I kekahi manawa he mea pono ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke koko me ka amlodipine.
ʻO ka papahana ma lalo nei he hōʻuluʻulu pōkole o nā haʻawina o kēia manawa a me nā manaʻo loea honua e pili ana i ka manaʻo lapaʻau maʻamau no ka endocarditis mitral. I nā hihia hoʻokahi, akā naʻe, pono paha e haʻalele i ka papahana therapy i hāʻawi ʻia ma aneʻi.
He mea noʻonoʻo / pono ke hoʻololi i ka meaʻai?
Hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka meaʻai i nā poʻe maʻi me nā ʻike kiʻekiʻe loa, ma mua he mea liʻiliʻi paha ia. Pono e hoʻopau ʻia nā mea paʻakai mai ka ʻai ʻana o kahi holoholona maʻi nui. Pēlā nō, hiki i ka meaʻai maʻalahi, haʻahaʻa-paʻakai, ʻoi aku ka ikaika e hoʻemi i ka paʻakikī o nā hōʻailona a hōʻoia i ka lawe ʻana i ka ikehu. ʻO kekahi pilikia, ʻo ia ka hōʻole pinepine ʻana o kā mākou mau holoholona i nā meaʻai haʻahaʻa paʻakai. A laila ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi meaʻai punahele ma mua o ke koi ʻana i ka "ʻai naʻau" ʻaʻole ʻai ka ʻīlio, inā ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka pono o ka mea maʻi. I nā holoholona i hoʻopilikia nui ʻia, hiki ke kōkua pū ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā waikawa momona omega-3.
He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo he mea kūʻē i ka manaʻo kaulana, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻemi i ka paona nā mea maʻi me ka maʻi puʻuwai kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kaumaha e alakaʻi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka make i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa kaumaha e "hoʻomaha i ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular" hewa i nā holoholona me ka maʻi maʻi!
Pono e hoʻohui ʻia nā Electrolytes e like me ka potassium a i ʻole ka magnesium i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai me nā lāʻau maloʻo maloʻo kiʻekiʻe?
ʻAʻole maʻamau. ʻAʻole pono ka mea maʻi e inu a ʻai maʻamau i nā electrolytes hou e like me ka potassium a i ʻole ka magnesium. ʻAʻole i wehewehe maopopo ʻia ke kuleana o ka magnesium i ka lāʻau lapaʻau holoholona, no ka mea, paʻakikī ke ana ʻana o ka pae magnesium i loko o ke kino, a ʻo nā hoʻokolohua koko maʻamau ʻaʻole i pololei loa no kēia. Aia ke kuleana o ka magnesium i ka mālama ʻana i nā arrhythmias kū'ē i ka therapy, hiki ke loaʻa i ka pōʻaiapili o ka endocarditis mitral. Eia nō naʻe, pono e pale ʻia kahi lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau me ka magnesium, no ka mea, nui ka poʻe maʻi me ka maʻi maʻi e pane i ka electrolyte.
Ke mālama ʻia nei kaʻu ʻīlio me ka lāʻau maloʻo. Pono au e kaupalena i kona inu wai?
ʻO kahi pane pōkole wale nō e pono ai ma ʻaneʻi: ʻaʻohe hihia!
He aha kāu e hana ai ma ke ʻano he mea nona ka maʻi maʻi?
ʻO nā mea maʻi i nā pae holomua o ka maʻi e koi i ka nānā kūikawā mai ka mea nona. ʻOi aku i nā holoholona me ka edema pulmonary mua, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hoʻolohe i ka piʻi ʻana o ka ʻū a me ka helu mau ʻana i ka hanu hanu o kāu mea maʻi. ʻAʻole pono kēia ma mua o 45 mau hanu i kēlā me kēia minuke i ka hoʻomaha (mea nui: mai helu ma hope o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana, hoʻonui ʻokoʻa kēia i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai). He mea nui hoʻi e ʻike i nā ʻano. Inā piʻi ka hanu hanu - no ka laʻana, helu ʻoe i 20/min i ke kakahiaka, 40/min i ke awakea, a me 50/min i ke ahiahi - hiki iā ia ke hōʻike i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka edema pulmonary a pono ʻoe e hoʻopili koke i kāu kauka holoholona. .
Pono au e mālama i kaʻu ʻīlio?
No ka hapa nui o nā maʻi puʻuwai, ʻo ke kānāwai maʻamau e ʻae ʻia nā holoholona i hoʻopilikia ʻia e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i loko o ke kahua a lākou e hāʻawi ai iā lākou iho. ʻAe ʻia nā ʻīlio maʻi e hoʻoikaika maʻamau, akā inā makemake lākou e hoʻomaha mai ke aʻo ʻana, pono e ʻae ʻia kēia.
Eia naʻe, pono e hōʻalo i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ikaika loa a i ʻole ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wela nui i nā holoholona me nā ʻike koʻikoʻi. Inā kānalua, hiki i kāu cardiologist ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka ʻike.