Mary Allen
ʻO ka ululāʻau primeval kahi ululāʻau i hana ʻia e ke ʻano. Ua ulu wale ia a ʻaʻohe meheu o ke kanaka e kālai a kanu ana i loko. Ua manaʻo ʻia nā ululāʻau mua he nahele kahi i komo ai ke kanaka no kekahi manawa. Akā, ho'ōki lākou i ka hana ʻana a waiho hou i ka nahele i ke ʻano. Ma hope o ka manawa lōʻihi, hiki i kekahi ke kamaʻilio hou no ka ululāʻau.
Ma kahi o ka hapalima a hiki i ka hapakolu o nā wahi ulu lāʻau a puni ka honua he mau ululāʻau kahiko. Pili ia i ka liiki o kou hoʻohana ʻana i ka huaʻōlelo. Akā, ʻaʻole pono e poina ka nui o nā ululāʻau i nalowale loa. I kēia mau lā, aia ka hapa nui o nā mahina ʻai, nā wahi hānai, nā mea kanu, nā kūlanakauhale, nā wahi ʻoihana, nā mokulele, a pēlā aku. Ke nalowale nei nā ululāʻau mua a me nā ululāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻAʻole maopopo loa ka huaʻōlelo "jungle". Hoʻomaopopo pinepine kekahi i ka wao ua. Akā he nui nā ʻano ulu lāʻau kahiko, ʻo kekahi ma ʻEulopa akā ʻo ka hapa nui o nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
He aha nā ʻano o nā ululāʻau?
ʻO kahi kokoke i ka hapalua o ka ululāʻau he nahele ua. Aia ka mea nui a nui loa ma ka Basin Amazon ma ʻAmelika Hema, ma ka Basin Congo ma ʻApelika, a ma Asia Hikina Hema.
Eia kekahi, kokoke i ka hapalua o nā ululāʻau primeval nā ululāʻau coniferous ma ke anuanu, nā wahi ʻākau o ka honua. Loaʻa lākou ma Kanada, ʻEulopa ʻĀkau, a me ʻAsia. Kapa ʻia lākou e ka ʻepekema ʻepekema boreal coniferous forest a i ʻole taiga. Ma laila wale nō nā spruces, pine, firs, a laches. No ka ulu ʻana o ia ululāʻau, ʻaʻole pono e mahana loa a hāʻule mau ka ua a me ka hau.
ʻO ka ululāʻau he ululāʻau paʻapū ma ka ʻāina pāpū. Ua kapa ʻia nā ululāʻau kahiko he nui. Ma ke ʻano haiki, ʻōlelo kekahi i nā ululāʻau ma Asia wale nō, kahi i loaʻa ai ka monsoon. ʻŌlelo kekahi no ka ululāʻau ma ke ʻano kiʻi. No ka laʻana, ʻōlelo ʻoe: "He ululāʻau kēia" ke hui pū ʻia nā pepa a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike hou ma o lākou.
Hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano o nā ululāʻau i koe a puni ka honua. Aia kekahi mau ululāʻau kahiko ma ʻEulopa. Eia naʻe, he wahi liʻiliʻi wale nō lākou o ka nui o ka ululāʻau.
Owai na ululaau kahiko ma Europa?
ʻO ka hapa nui loa o nā ululāʻau kahiko e noho nei ma ʻEulopa ma ka ʻākau o ʻEulopa. He mau ululāʻau coniferous lākou a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka nui o lākou ma ka ʻākau o Rūsia, akā ma Scandinavia.
ʻO ka ululāʻau primeval nui loa ma Central Europe aia ma Carpathians. He pae mauna kiʻekiʻe kēia ma ʻEulopa hikina, aia ma Romania ka nui. I kēia lā naʻe, manaʻo ka nui o nā ʻepekema ua komo nui nā kānaka ma laila a ʻaʻole kēia he nahele maoli. Ma kahi kokoke, aia nō nā nahele beech nui.
Ma Polani, aia kahi ululāʻau deciduous a me coniferous, kahi kokoke loa i kahi ululāʻau primeval. Aia nā ʻoka nui, nā lāʻau lehu, nā lāʻau lime, a me nā elm. Eia naʻe, ke ʻoki ʻia nei kēia nahele i kekahi hapa. Ua lawe ʻia ka hihia i ka ʻaha hoʻokolokolo.
Ma Lower Austria, aia nō ka nui o ka wao nahele ʻo Dürrenstein. ʻO ia ka wao nahele nui loa ma Central Europe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻopā ʻia kona ʻaoʻao i loko o ke kanaka mai ka wā hau i hala.
Aia ma kahi kiʻekiʻe ma nā Alps aia nā ululāʻau maikaʻi ʻole i hele kokoke loa i nā ululāʻau kahiko. Ma Kuikilana, ʻekolu mau ululāʻau liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe akā maoli maoli: hoʻokahi ma nā cantons o Schwyz, Valais, a me Graubünden.
Ma Kelemānia, ʻaʻohe ululāʻau kahiko maoli. He kakaikahi wale na wahi e kokoke ana i ka ululaau. ʻO kēia ka Bavarian Forest National Park, ka Harz National Park, a me kahi wahi ma ka nahele Thuringian. Aia ma ka Pāka Lahui ʻo Hainich, aia nā ululāʻau ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula kahiko i waiho ʻia i kā lākou hana ponoʻī no kahi o 60 mau makahiki.