Introduction: E ʻimi ana i ka hiki ke piʻi o nā Frogs Green

ʻO nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo (Lithobates clamitans) kahi ʻano rana maʻamau i loaʻa ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau. ʻOiai ʻike ʻia lākou no ko lākou ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻokoʻa a me nā lele ikaika, ʻike ʻole ʻia ko lākou hiki ke piʻi. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka ka poʻe ʻepekema e noiʻi i ka hiki ke piʻi o kēia mau amphibians. Ke manaʻo nei kēia ʻatikala e ʻimi i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mākau piʻi ʻana o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e like me kā lākou anatomy, grip, adhesion, a me nā makemake noho. Ma ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano hana ma hope o ko lākou hiki ke piʻi, hiki iā mākou ke loaʻa ka mahalo maikaʻi ʻana i nā hana kupanaha i hiki i kēia mau mea liʻiliʻi ke hoʻokō.

Anatomy of a Green Frog: Understanding their Limb Structure

No ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā mākau piʻi ʻana o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, he mea koʻikoʻi ka nānā ʻana i ko lākou ʻano lālā. Loaʻa i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā lālā hope muscular i hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia no ka lele ʻana a hoʻoulu iā lākou iho i mua. Hoʻopaʻa ʻia ko lākou mau wāwae hope, hiki iā lākou ke ʻauʻau pono i nā kino wai. Eia naʻe, ʻo ko lākou mau lālā mua, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i like ka ʻiʻo e like me ko lākou mau lālā hope, he mea nui i ka piʻi ʻana. Hoʻolako ʻia kēia mau lālā me nā huahelu lōʻihi a maʻalahi e hāʻawi i ka paʻa pono no ka hoʻokele ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole.

Ka Mana'o 'ana i ka Pa'a: Ke 'imi 'ana i nā wāwae o nā Frogs 'Omaomao

He mea kaulana nā wāwae o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo no kā lākou mau hiʻohiʻona kūikawā e kōkua i ka piʻi ʻana. Hoʻokomo ʻia ko lākou manamana wāwae me nā pad adhesive, e hoʻonui ai i ko lākou paʻa ʻana i nā ʻili. Aia i loko o kēia mau pad nā hale liʻiliʻi e like me ka lauoho i kapa ʻia he papillae, kahi e hana ai i nā wahi pili me ka piʻi ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, hoʻokuʻu nā wāwae wāwae i ka mucus, e hoʻonui hou i kā lākou mau waiwai adhesive. ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o nā pad adhesive a me ka huna ʻana o ka mucus e hiki ai i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke hoʻomau i ka paʻa ikaika i ko lākou hoʻokele ʻana i nā ʻaoʻao kū.

ʻO ke kuleana o ka hoʻopili ʻana: pehea e pili ai nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻili

He mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka hiki ke piʻi ʻana o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ke hoʻopili ʻia nā pā paʻa ma ko lākou mau wāwae me kahi ʻili, hana lākou i nā mana intermolecular i kapa ʻia ʻo nā pūʻali van der Waals. Hāʻawi kēia mau ikaika i ka rana e pili i ka ʻili, ʻoiai ke hoʻohuli ʻia. He mea kupaianaha ka hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hoʻopili i nā ʻano ākea ākea, me ka ʻili ʻōpala, nā pōhaku maʻemaʻe, a me ke aniani.

Ke ho'āʻo ʻana i nā ʻili kū pololei: Ka loiloi ʻana i nā mākau Piʻi ʻana o nā Frogs Green

Ua hana nā mea noiʻi i nā hoʻokolohua e loiloi i nā mākau piʻi o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā ʻaoʻao kū pololei. Ma kekahi noiʻi ʻana, ua kau ʻia nā rana ma luna o ka pā Plexiglas kūpaʻa, a ʻike ʻia ko lākou hiki ke piʻi a pili i ka ʻili. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hopena e hiki i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke piʻi i nā paia kū pololei me ka maʻalahi, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou mau pad adhesive a me nā lālā maʻalahi e hoʻokele i ka ʻili. Ua hōʻike kēia hoʻokolohua i ka hiki ke piʻi kupaianaha o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ko lākou hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kaiapuni like ʻole.

Hiki i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke piʻi i nā kumulāʻau? Ke noiʻi ʻana i nā hiki Arboreal

ʻOiai ua hōʻike nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā mākau piʻi maikaʻi ma nā ʻaoʻao kū pololei, ʻo ko lākou mau arboreal hiki, ʻo ia hoʻi ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau, ua lilo ia i kumuhana o ka hoʻopaʻapaʻa. Manaʻo kekahi poʻe noiʻi ʻo nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka mea nui i ka ʻāina a ʻaʻole akamai i ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻē aʻe i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo e kau ana ma nā lālā haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka piʻi ʻana i nā kumu kumu lāʻau, e hōʻike ana aia lākou i kahi pae o ka mana arboreal. Pono e noiʻi hou aʻe no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka nui o kā lākou mākaukau piʻi kumu lāʻau a me kā lākou makemake no nā wahi noho arboreal.

Nā Pā ʻana i nā pā: Ke nānā ʻana i ka hiki ke piʻi i ka paia o nā Frogs ʻōmaʻomaʻo

Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻili a me nā kumulāʻau, ua hōʻike pū nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka hiki ke piʻi i nā paia. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina e hiki i kēia mau rana ke piʻi maikaʻi i nā paia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kā lākou mau pad adhesive a me ka ikaika o nā lālā. ʻO ko lākou hiki ke kau i nā paia he hōʻike ia i ko lākou mau mākau piʻi kupaianaha a me ka hiki ke hoʻololi i nā kaiapuni like ʻole. ʻO ka maʻalahi a me ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i hāʻawi ʻia e ko lākou ʻano lālā a me nā pad adhesive hiki iā lākou ke lanakila i nā pilikia o ka piʻi ʻana o nā paia, e komo pū ana me nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano like ʻole.

ʻO ka mana o ka noho ʻana: Nā mea e pili ana i ka piʻi ʻana o nā Frogs Green

Hiki i ka noho ana o na rana omaomao ke hooikaika nui i ko lakou hiki ke pii. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia kēia mau rana ma kahi kokoke i nā kino wai, e like me nā loko, nā loko, a me nā ʻāina wai. ʻO kā lākou makemake i nā wahi noho kokoke i ka wai e kaupalena ʻia ko lākou ʻike ʻana i nā ʻili a i ʻole nā ​​kumu lāʻau, e wehewehe ana i ke kumu i aʻo ʻia ai ko lākou hiki ke piʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā manawa e piʻi ai a hōʻike i nā mākau arboreal i hoʻonui ʻia i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo e noho ana i nā wahi me ka nui o nā mea kanu a kokoke i nā kumulāʻau.

Hoʻohālikelike i nā Frogs Green me nā ʻano Frog ʻē aʻe: Piʻi ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻano rana ʻē aʻe, ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hiki ke piʻi. ʻOiai ua loaʻa i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā pad adhesive a me nā lālā maʻalahi, e hiki ai iā lākou ke piʻi i nā ʻaoʻao kū pololei, nele paha nā ʻano rana i kēia mau hoʻololi kūikawā. Ke hilinaʻi nei kekahi mau ʻano rana i nā mīkini hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a i ʻole nā ​​ʻano hana ʻokoʻa. Hāʻawi kēia mau ʻokoʻa i ke anatomy limb a me nā mīkini hoʻopili i nā ʻokoʻa o ka hiki ke piʻi ma waena o nā ʻano rana.

Nā Hoʻololi Kaiapuni: Pehea e lanakila ai nā Frogs Green i nā pilikia

Ua hoʻololi nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā hoʻololi like ʻole e lanakila ai i nā pilikia i ka wā e piʻi ana. ʻO kā lākou mau pad adhesive a me ka huna ʻana i ka mucus e ʻae iā lākou e hoʻomau i ka paʻa ʻana ma luna o nā ʻili, ʻoiai i nā kūlana paʻakikī. Hoʻohui ʻia, hāʻawi ko lākou mau lālā maʻalahi i ke ʻano o ka neʻe e pono ai e hoʻokele i nā ʻaoʻao like ʻole. Hiki i kēia mau hoʻololi ke hiki i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke piʻi maikaʻi a ʻimi i nā wahi noho like ʻole, e hōʻoia ana i ko lākou ola a me ka hiki ke hoʻohana i nā niches kaiaola hou.

Nā Luʻi a me nā Palena: ʻAkelika i ka Piʻi ʻana o nā Frogs Green

ʻOiai ua loaʻa i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā hiki ke piʻi maikaʻi, ke kū nei lākou i kekahi mau pilikia a me nā palena. Hiki ke emi iho ka maikaʻi o kā lākou mau pads pad ma nā wahi pulu a i ʻole i nā kūlana ʻino loa, e kaupalena ana i ko lākou hiki ke piʻi. Eia hou, hiki i ka nui a me ke kaumaha o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ke kaʻe i ko lākou hiki ke piʻi i luna a i ʻole nā ​​kumu lāʻau. Eia kekahi, ʻokoʻa paha ko lākou mau mākau piʻi i waena o kēlā me kēia kanaka, me kekahi mau rana e hōʻike ana i nā mākau akamai ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ka Hopena: Hoʻomaopopo i ka Piʻi ʻana o nā Frogs Green

I ka hopena, loaʻa i nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā mea hiki ke piʻi maikaʻi, i kōkua ʻia e ko lākou ʻano lālā, nā pad adhesive, a me ka huna ʻana o ka mucus. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokele i nā ʻaoʻao kū pololei, piʻi i nā paia, a hōʻike i kekahi pae o nā mākau arboreal. ʻO ka mana o ka noho ʻana a me nā ʻano like ʻole ma waena o nā ʻano rana e kōkua hou i nā ʻokoʻa o ka hiki ke piʻi. Eia nō naʻe, pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā pilikia a me nā palena, e like me ke ʻano o ka wā a me nā ʻano like ʻole. Ma ka ʻimi ʻana i nā mea paʻakikī o ka hiki ke piʻi ʻana o nā rana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, loaʻa iā mākou ka ʻike hohonu o kā lākou hoʻololi kaiaola a me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā wahi noho e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻimi.