Mary Allen
He mau momi ka lio. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka manawa mākou e noʻonoʻo ai i kā mākou lio hale. I loko o ka biology, akā naʻe, hoʻokumu ka lio i kahi genus. Loaʻa iā ia nā lio hihiu, ka lio Przewalski, nā hoki, a me nā zebra. "Lio" no laila he hua'ōlelo hui i ka biology. Ma kā mākou ʻōlelo i kēlā me kēia lā, ʻo ka lio kūloko ka mea maʻamau.
Hookahi mea like o na ano lio a pau: noho mua lakou ma ka hema o Aferika a me Asia. Noho lākou ma nā ʻāina ʻāina kahi kakaikahi nā kumulāʻau a ʻai ka hapa nui i ka mauʻu. Pono ʻoe e ʻimi mau i ka wai.
Pau na wawae o na lio a pau i ka maiuu. He callus paʻakikī kēia, e like me ko mākou manamana wāwae a i ʻole nā manamana lima. ʻO ka hope o ka wāwae ka wāwae waena. ʻAʻole i koe nā manamana wāwae i nā lio. Ua like ia me ka hele ʻana ma kou manamana lima waena a me kou manamana wāwae. He kane kane. He lio wahine ka wahine. He keiki keiki.
He mau lio hihiu anei?
Ua pau ka lio hihiu mua. Aia wale no kana mau mamo a ke kanaka i hanai ai, o ko makou lio home. Nui nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ia. Ua ʻike mākou iā lākou mai nā heihei lio, hōʻike lele, a i ʻole mai ka mahiʻai pony.
Aia nō kekahi mau pūna lio ahiu. Kapa pinepine ʻia lākou he lio hihiu, akā hewa maoli nō. He mau lio hihiu lakou, no ka la'ana, ua holo i waho o ka hale pa'a a ua ma'a hou i ka noho 'ana ma ke 'ano. Ma muli o kēia, hilahila loa lākou.
Ma ke ʻano, noho nā lio hihiu i nā holoholona. ʻO ia pūʻulu he nui wale nā mares. Aia kekahi lio a me kekahi mau keiki hipa. He holoholona lele lākou. He ʻilihune lākou i ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho a no laila ke kiaʻi mau nei lākou. Moe nō lākou i ke kū ʻana i luna i hiki iā lākou ke pakele koke i kahi pilikia.
Ua like ke ano o ka lio o Przewalski me ko kakou mau lio, aka, he ano kaawale. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka "lio hihiu ʻAsia" a i ʻole "lio hihiu Mongolia". Ua aneane pau loa. Ua loaʻa kona inoa mai ka Russian Nikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski, nāna i kaulana ia ma ʻEulopa. I kēia lā aia ma kahi o 2000 o kāna mau holoholona i loko o nā zoo a ʻo kekahi ma kekahi mau mālama kūlohelohe ma Ukraine a me Mongolia.
Pehea ka noho ʻana o nā lio hale?
Honi a lohe maikaʻi nā lio kūloko. Aia kona mau maka ma ka ʻaoʻao o kona poʻo. No laila hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā kokoke a puni me ka neʻe ʻole o kou poʻo. Eia naʻe, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke ʻike i ka hapa nui o nā mea me ka maka hoʻokahi i ka manawa, paʻakikī iā lākou ke ʻike i ka mamao o kahi mea.
Aneane hoʻokahi makahiki ka hāpai ʻana o ka wahine mare, ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lio. Hānau ʻia ka bipi wahine i hoʻokahi holoholona ʻōpiopio. Ala koke ʻo ia, a ma hope o kekahi mau hola, hiki iā ia ke hahai i kona makuahine.
Inu ke keiki i ka waiū o ka makuahine no ʻeono mahina a i hoʻokahi makahiki. Ua oʻo ka wahine ma kahi o ʻehā makahiki, no laila hiki iā ia ke hana i kāna ʻōpiopio ponoʻī. Hana ʻia kēia ma mua o ka mares. Pono mua nā lio ʻōpio e kūʻē i ko lākou mau hoa paio.
He aha nā ʻano lio ma laila?
He ʻano holoholona ka lio kūloko. Ua hānai ke kāne i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. ʻO kahi mea hōʻike maʻalahi he nui. Ana ʻoe i ke kiʻekiʻe o nā poʻohiwi. Ma nā ʻōlelo ʻenehana, ʻo kēia ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā maloʻo a i ʻole ke kiʻekiʻe ma nā maloʻo. Wahi a ke kānāwai hānai Kelemania, ʻo ka palena he 148 kenimika. Ua like kēlā me ke kanaka makua liʻiliʻi. Aia maluna o keia hoailona na lio nui, a malalo iho na lio liilii, i kapaia he poni.
Aia kekahi hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma muli o ke ʻano: aia nā anu, mahana, a i ʻole nā māmā. Ua like ka mahana o kou koko. Akā, loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: Ke kaumaha a mālie nā drafts. No laila ua kūpono loa lākou e like me nā lio huki. Makaʻu a wīwī ʻo Thoroughbred. ʻO lākou nā lio heihei maikaʻi loa. Hāʻule nā hiʻohiʻona o ke koko pumehana ma waena.
Hana ʻia kahi ʻāpana hou e like me ke kumu o nā wahi hānau mua. Ua kaulana nā poni Shetland mai nā mokupuni, nā Belgians, nā Holsteins mai Kelemānia akau, a me nā Andalusians mai Sepania hema. ʻO ka Freiberger a me kekahi mau mea ʻē aʻe mai ka Jura ma Switzerland. ʻO ka hale mōneka ʻo Einsiedeln nō kona ʻano lio ponoʻī.
Aia kekahi ʻokoʻa kala: lio ʻeleʻele nā lio ʻeleʻele. Ua kapa ʻia nā lio keʻokeʻo he lio hina, inā he kiko iki, ua kapa ʻia lākou he lio hina hina. A laila aia pū kekahi ʻalopeke, ka piebald, a i ʻole "ka ʻeleʻele" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.
Pehea ka hanai ana o na lio?
Ua hoʻomaka nā kānaka e hopu a hānai i nā lio ma kahi o ʻelima kaukani makahiki aku nei. Aia kēlā i ka wā Neolithic. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hānau ʻana: Hoʻohui mau ʻoe i ka lio a me ka lio me nā ʻano makemake no ka male ʻana. Ma ka mahiʻai, he mea nui ka mana o nā lio e huki ai i ka palau ma ke kula. ʻO ka holo lio e wikiwiki a māmā. He nui a kaumaha nā lio kaua a ua aʻo ʻia e like me ia.
Nui nā ʻano lio i hoʻololi maoli ʻia i kahi ea. ʻO ka Shetland ponies, no ka laʻana, he liʻiliʻi lākou a ua hoʻohana ʻia i ka wela e like me ka ʻino. No laila ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i mau lio hukihuki ma nā ʻeli lanahu ʻEnelani. ʻAʻole kiʻekiʻe loa nā aʻa, a ʻo ke aniau i loko o nā lua he mahana a mehana.
No kekahi mau hana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā hoki ma mua o nā lio hale. Ua ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka wāwae ma nā mauna. No laila ua holomua kēia mau ʻano holoholona ʻelua. Hiki kēia no ka mea he pili pili loa lākou: ua hana ʻia ka miula, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka miula, mai ka lio lio a me ka lio lio.
Ua hana ʻia ka miula mai ka lio lio a me ka hoki lio. ʻAʻole hilahila nā ʻano ʻelua ma mua o nā lio hale a maikaʻi loa. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o ko lākou ola ma mua o nā lio hale. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā miula a me nā hinnies ke hānau hou i nā holoholona ʻōpio.
He aha nā hele wāwae i ʻike ʻia e nā lio hale?
Hiki i nā lio ke hoʻohana i ko lākou mau wāwae ʻehā ma nā ʻano like ʻole e hele a puni. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā gaits like ʻole ma aneʻi.
ʻOi aku ka mālie o ka lio i ka hele wāwae ʻana. ʻElua mau wāwae ma ka honua. ʻO ke ʻano o ka neʻe ʻana aia ma mua - ʻākau hope - ʻākau mua - hema hope. ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka lio ma mua o ke kanaka.
Kapa ʻia ka pae aʻe he trot. Holo mau ka lio i ʻelua kapuaʻi i ka manawa like, me ka diagonal: No laila, waiho ʻia ma mua a ma hope ʻākau, a laila ma mua pono a ma hope. Ma waena, ua pōkole ka lio i ka lewa ma nā ʻehā. I ka holo ʻana, haʻalulu nui kēia.
ʻOi aku ka wikiwiki o ka lio ke holo. Holo koke ka lio i kona mau wāwae hope ʻelua ma hope o kekahi, a hahai koke ʻia e kona mau wāwae mua ʻelua. A laila lele. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka gallop ka nui o nā lele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka lio. No ka mea holo, ʻoi aku ka pōʻai o kēia hele ʻana a no laila ʻoi aku ka mālie ma mua o ka trot.
I ka Middle Ages a hiki i ka wā hou, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā wahine e noho i ka noho e like me nā kāne. Noho lākou ma ka noho ʻaoʻao a i ʻole ka noho ʻaoʻao. He mau wawae ko laua ma ka aoao hookahi o ka lio. Aia kekahi ʻano hele kūikawā i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā lio e hana: ka amble. I kēia lā ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Tölt". Hoʻoneʻe ka lio i nā wāwae hema ʻelua i mua, a laila ʻelua mau wāwae ʻākau, a pēlā aku. ʻOi loa ka haʻalulu. Ua kapa ʻia nā lio i ʻike i kēia hele ʻana.
Ma lalo ʻoe e ʻike ai i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni o nā gaits like ʻole.