Hawk

He poʻe hahai holoholona maikaʻi ʻo Falcons: Me kā lākou ʻenehana lele kūikawā, ʻimi lākou i nā manu ʻē aʻe i ka lewa a i ʻole e lele i lalo i nā mea pio ma ka honua.

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He aha ke ʻano o nā hawks?

He manu ʻai ʻo Falcons. He poʻo liʻiliʻi ko lākou, nui nā maka, a me ka nuku makau e like me nā manu ʻai. He lohi kona kino, he lōʻihi kona mau ʻēheu, a he pōkole kona huelo. He lōʻihi a ikaika nā manamana wāwae ma ko lākou mau wāwae, e ʻae iā lākou e hopu i kā lākou mea pio. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahine o nā falcons ma mua o nā kāne. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo "Terzel", mai ka Latin "tertium", ʻo ia hoʻi "ʻekolu".

No ka laʻana, ʻo ka falcon ʻAmelika kekahi o nā falcon liʻiliʻi loa. He 20 a 28 kenimika wale nō kona kiʻekiʻe a he 100 a 200 wale nō ke kaumaha. He 50 a 60 kenimika kona mau ʻēheu. He ʻula-ula ʻula ke kua o nā kestrel kāne a me nā ʻēheu hina-uliuli e pau ana i ka ʻeleʻele. He māmā ka ʻōpū a he ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka pāpale ma ke poʻo he hina-uliuli. ʻEkolu mau kaha ʻeleʻele ko ka falcon ʻAmelika ma ke poʻo. He mau ʻēheu ʻulaʻula ʻula ka wahine a he mau kaula ʻeleʻele ma ka huelo, a ʻo nā kāne hoʻokahi wale nō ʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka saker falcon, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia kekahi o nā falcon nui loa. No nā falcons hahai holoholona a he manu paʻa a ikaika. ʻO nā kāne a me nā wahine o ka saker falcon he ʻano like ke ʻano a no laila ʻaneʻane hiki ʻole ke ʻike ʻia kekahi i kekahi. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino he ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele, ʻeleʻele māmā ka huelo ma luna. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ke poʻo a me ka ʻōpū ma mua o ke kino. ʻOi aku ka ʻeleʻele o ka ʻaoʻao luna o ke kino ma mua o ke kino ʻaoʻao lalo.

Aia ka saker falcon ma waena o 46 a me 58 kenimika ke kiʻekiʻe a he 104 a 129 kenimika kona mau ʻēheu. He lōʻihi a kikoo kona mau ʻēheu, akā ʻoi aku ka laulā ma mua o ka B. ka peʻaleʻa peregrine. He 700 a 900 grams wale nō ke kaumaha o ke kane, ʻo ke kaumaha o nā wahine he 1000 a 1300 grams. ʻO nā wāwae - i kapa ʻia ʻo fangs - he melemele i nā holoholona makua a he uliuli i nā ʻōpio. Hiki ke huikau i ka Saker falcons me ka juvenile peregrine falcons akā he poʻo māmā ko lākou.

ʻO kekahi o nā falcons nui loa o mākou ʻo ka peregrine falcon. ʻO ke kaumaha o ke kāne he 580-720 grams, ʻo ka wahine a hiki i 1090 grams. ʻO kona kua he ʻāhinahina. ʻEleʻele-hinahina ka ʻāʻī a me ke poʻo. Kū ka ʻumiʻumi ʻeleʻele ma ka ʻāʻī haikea a me ka papalina keʻokeʻo. He lōʻihi loa nā ʻēheu. ʻO ka huelo, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, pōkole loa.

Ma hea kahi e noho ai nā hawks?

Hoʻolaha ʻia nā ʻano ʻano falcons a puni ka honua. Aia nā hawks ʻAmelika i ka home ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻAmelika Hema. Eia naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua hele hewa nā holoholona pākahi i ʻEulopa. Loaʻa ka nui o nā falcons Saker mai ʻEulopa Hikina a i ka ʻākau o Kina a me India. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma Turkey a puni ka makahiki. Hele lākou i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ke Kai ʻEleʻele i Ukraine e hānai. Ma Central Europe, hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou ma nā ululāʻau Austrian Danube. Mai ka hopena o nā makahiki 1990, akā naʻe, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau hoa hānau ma nā mauna ʻo Elbe Sandstone ma Saxony.

ʻO ka globetrotter maoli, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia ka peregrine falcon: hiki ke loaʻa ma nā ʻāina āpau o ka honua. Noho ʻo Falcons i nā ʻano noho like ʻole. Hiki i nā hawks ʻAmelika ke hoʻololi i nā wahi noho like ʻole: hiki ke loaʻa ma nā paka a me nā kula, ma nā ululāʻau, a mai ka wao nahele a hiki i nā mauna kiʻekiʻe.

Noho ʻo Saker falcons ma ka ululāʻau a me nā steppes maloʻo a ma nā wao nahele. Hiki ke loaʻa iā lākou a hiki i 1300 mika ma luna o ka ʻilikai. Pono nā falcons Saker i nā kahua hahai holoholona nui me ka ʻāina ākea. Makemake pū nā falcons Peregrine i nā ʻāina ākea e like me nā awāwa muliwai a me nā steppes. Noho pū lākou ma nā hale pule ma nā kūlanakauhale e hānai. ʻO ka mea nui, ʻo ia ka home o nā manu he nui i ʻai na ka hawk.

He aha nā ʻano falcons i laila?

Aia ma kahi o 60 mau ʻano ʻano falcon ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ma waena o nā mea kaulana loa, ʻo ia ka peregrine falcon, kestrel, ka lāʻau falcon, ka merlin, ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, ka ʻulaʻula wāwae wāwae, ka Lanner falcon, Eleonora's falcon, a me ka gyrfalcon. ʻO nā falcons wao nahele a me nā falcons Barbary ma ʻApelika ʻĀkau he poʻe akamai i ka hahai holoholona. Noho ka prairie falcon ma ke komohana hema o ʻAmelika a me Mekiko.

ʻEono ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka saker falcon ponoʻī. Aia ma kahi o 20 mau subspecies o nā kestrels, maoli no ʻAmelika mai Alaska ma ka ʻākau a hiki i Tierra del Fuego ma ka hema. Hiki ke kala ʻokoʻa loa kēia mau subspecies.

Hana

Pehea e ola ai nā hawks?

He poʻe akamai loa nā hawks ʻAmelika. No ka laʻana, makemake lākou e peʻe ma nā alanui no ka mea pio, kahi e noho ai ma luna o nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā ​​pou. ʻO nā falcons Saker nā mea hahai holoholona a me nā mea lele agile. Hoʻopiʻi pinepine lākou i kā lākou mea pio me ka hoʻouka uila wikiwiki.

Ma muli o ko lākou akamai i ka hahai holoholona, ​​ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia nā falcon saker ma Asia i kēia mau lā no ka mea i kapa ʻia he hawking a he falconry. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻeke holoholona a hiki i ka nui o ka lapeti. Kapa ʻia ka falcon saker "Saker" e nā falconers.

Ua hana mua ʻia ka ʻenehana hahai holoholona kahiko e ka poʻe nomadic ma nā steppes o Asia a ua laha nui ʻia ma Kina a me Iapana i ka makahiki 400 BC. Ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo ia ma ke aloaliʻi o Genghis Khan. Hele mai ʻo Falconry i ʻEulopa me nā Huns. I ko mākou ʻāina, ua mālama ʻia ia no nā aliʻi.

Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Falconry i ka hahai holoholona. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "Beiz" mai "e nahu". No ka mea, pepehi nā ʻauwa i kā lākou mea pio me ka nahu ma ka ʻāʻī. Pono e hoʻomanawanui i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka falcon i ka hahai holoholona, ​​​​no ka mea, paʻakikī loa ka mālama ʻana i nā manu ʻai, me ka saker falcon. Ma muli o ka noho mua ʻana o ka manu ma ka lima o ka mea hahai holoholona, ​​ʻo ka mea mua e hana ai, ʻo ia ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka noho mālie ma ka lima.

No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono e lawe ʻia a puni no kekahi mau hola i kēlā me kēia lā. Eia kekahi, pono e nalowale nā ​​​​falcons i ko lākou makaʻu i nā ʻīlio e hele pū me ka hahai holoholona. Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano kūlohelohe o nā manu i ka wā o ka ʻimi manu: hiki i nā falcons ke ʻike maikaʻi i kahi mamao a ʻike i nā mea pio mai kahi mamao aku.

I ʻole e hoʻomaha ka manu, ua ʻaʻahu ʻo ia i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka puʻupuʻu falcon i ka wā e hahai ai i ka wā e noho ana ma ka lima o ka falconer. Wehe wale ʻia ka puʻu i ka wā i manaʻo ʻia e hahau i ka mea pio. ʻO ka mea mua i ʻike ʻia e ka hawk ka mea pio. Lele ia mai ka lima o ka falconer a pepehi i ka mea pio. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā manu e paʻa i kā lākou mea pio a noho pū me ia a hiki i ka poʻe hahai holoholona a me nā ʻīlio.

I mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka falcon, hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā bele ma kona mau wāwae. Inā nalo ka falcon i kāna mea pio, hoʻi ia i ka falconer. Me kēia ʻenehana hahai holoholona, ​​pōmaikaʻi nā kānaka a me nā manu mai kekahi i kekahi: hiki i ke kanaka ke hahai i nā holoholona i paʻakikī ke pepehi ʻia, a loaʻa i ka falcon ka ʻai mai ke kanaka.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā wahine no ka lawaiʻa ʻana no ka mea ʻoi aku ka nui a me ka ikaika ma mua o nā kāne. Me nā falcons saker a me nā falcons ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā pheasants, partridges, pigeons, gull, ducks, geese, herons, magpies a me nā koʻo ka mea nui i hahai ʻia.

He hana maoli ka lilo ʻana i ka falconer, a inā makemake ʻoe e ʻimi me nā falcons, pono ʻoe e hana i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūikawā: ʻaʻole pono ʻoe i kahi laikini hahai holoholona, ​​​​akā, ʻo ka laikini hopu manu. Ma ke ala: i kēia mau lā, hoʻohana ʻia nā falcons e laʻa me B. hoʻohana ʻia ma nā mokulele e hoʻokuke aku i nā manu hiki ke pilikia i ka mokulele hoʻomaka ke komo lākou i loko o kā lākou mau ʻenekini.

ʻO nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻenemi o ka hawk

No ka mea, he poʻe lele akamai loa lākou a he ikaika loa, he kakaʻikahi nā ʻenemi o ka hawks. ʻO ka hapa nui, hiki i nā hua manu a i ʻole nā ​​​​holoholona ʻōpio ke hāʻule i nā pōā pūnana e like me nā manu koraka - akā mālama mau ʻia lākou e nā mākua. I kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ua kapu loa ʻia, ʻaihue nā kānaka i nā ʻōpiopio mai nā pūnana e aʻo iā lākou e hahai.