Elephant

ʻO ka Elepani ka nui o nā mea momona o ka ʻāina. Ua hoihoi nā pachyderms i nā kānaka no nā tausani makahiki me ko lākou naʻauao a me ke ʻano maʻalahi.

ano

Pehea ke ano o ka Elepani?

No ka Proboscidea ka Elepani a lilo i ʻohana Elepani. ʻO ka mea maʻamau o lākou ke ʻano maʻamau: ʻO ke kino ikaika, nā pepeiao nui, a me ka ʻōpala lōʻihi a me nā wāwae kolamu ʻehā, ʻo nā kapuaʻi o ia mau mea i hana ʻia me ka uhi mānoanoa. Hana lākou ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻopuʻihaʻi a no laila kōkua lākou i ke amo i ke kaumaha nui o nā holoholona.

Hiki i nā Elepani ʻAsia ke ulu a hiki i ʻekolu mika ke kiʻekiʻe, ke kaumaha a hiki i ʻelima mau tona, a ke ana ʻia ma waena o ʻelima a me ʻeono a me ka hapa mika mai ke poʻo a ka huelo. Piʻi ka huelo i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika ka lōʻihi. Hoʻopau ʻia ma kahi ʻāpana lauoho. ʻElima mau manamana wāwae ma ko lākou mau wāwae mua a ʻehā manamana wāwae ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope.

Hiki i nā Elepani ʻApelika ke piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 3.20 mika, ke kaumaha a hiki i ʻelima mau tona, a ʻeono a ʻehiku mika ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokahi mika ke ana o ka huelo. ʻEhā ko lākou manamana wāwae ma ko lākou mau wāwae mua a ʻekolu wale nō ma ko lākou mau wāwae hope. ʻO nā ʻelepani nahele nā ​​mea liʻiliʻi loa: hiki wale lākou i 2.40 mika ke kiʻekiʻe. I nā ʻano a pau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā wahine ma mua o nā kāne.

Ua hoʻololi ʻia nā ʻāʻī o ka ʻāwae luna i mau ʻōpala maʻamau. Hiki ke ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā ʻelepani ʻApelika ma luna o ʻekolu mika a ʻoi aku ke kaumaha ma mua o 200 kilokani. ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o nā ʻelepani wahine ʻApelika. I ka ʻElepani ʻAsia, ʻo nā kāne wale nō ka ʻiʻo.

ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe ʻo nā pepeiao: ʻoi aku ka nui o nā elepani ʻApelika ma mua o ko lākou ʻohana ʻĀsia a hiki ke ulu a hiki i ʻelua mika ka lōʻihi.

ʻAʻole like nā ʻōpala: ʻO nā Elepani ʻAsia hoʻokahi wale nō manamana lima e like me ka manamana lima ma ke kumu e hiki ai iā lākou ke hopu, ʻelua nā Elepani ʻApelika. Ke kū nei kēia mau mea i kekahi i kekahi ma ka hope o ke kumu.

ʻO ka ʻili o ka ʻelepani a hiki i ʻekolu kenimika ka mānoanoa, akā paʻakikī loa. I loko o nā ʻelepani pēpē, he huluhulu nui. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā holoholona, ​​ʻoi aku ka nalowale o ko lākou lauoho. He lauoho wale nā ​​holoholona makua ma ko lākou mau maka a ma ka hope o ko lākou huelo.

Ma hea kahi e noho ai nā ʻelepani?

I kēia lā, ʻike nui ʻia nā elepani ʻApelika ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ʻApelika, nā elepani ululāʻau ma ka Basin Congo. Noho liʻiliʻi nā Elepani ʻAsia hihiu ma India, Thailand, Burma, a me nā ʻāpana o Indonesia.

Hele nā ​​ʻelepani ʻApelika ma nā savannas a me nā steppes o ʻApelika, aʻo nā elepani ululāʻau - e like me kā lākou inoa e hōʻike nei - noho nui i nā ululāʻau o West Africa. Kakaʻikahi loa nā Elepani ʻAsia ma ka nahelehele: Loaʻa nō hoʻi lākou ma nā wahi ulu lāʻau.

He aha nā ʻano ʻelepani ma laila?

ʻEkolu mau ʻano elephant i ʻike ʻia i kēia lā: ʻo ka ʻElepani ʻAsia (Elephas maximus), ka ʻelepani ʻApelika (Loxodonta africana), a me ka Elepani nahele (Loxodonta cyclotis), i manaʻo ʻia he subspecies o ka elephant ʻApelika.

Hoʻokaʻawale kekahi poʻe noiʻi i ka Elepani ʻAsia i mau ʻano subspecies.

Ehia makahiki o ka Elepani?

Noho ʻo Elepani a hiki i ka makahiki nui: hiki iā lākou ke ola a hiki i 60 mau makahiki. Ke ola nei nā holoholona a hiki i 70 mau makahiki.

Hana

Pehea ka noho ana o na Elepani?

ʻO ka ʻelepani kekahi o nā mea momona naʻauao. He mau holoholona maʻemaʻe lākou e noho pū ana no nā hanauna.

Noho ʻo 20 a 30 mau holoholona i kahi hui, alakaʻi mau ʻia e kahi wahine kahiko, ʻo ka matriarch. Lawe ʻo ia i nā pua i nā wahi hānai maikaʻi loa.

ʻIke ʻia nā ʻelepani no kā lākou ʻano pilikanaka: mālama pū ka ʻohana i nā ʻōpio, ʻo "nā ʻanakē elepani" e mālama pū i nā ʻōpio o nā wahine ʻē aʻe me ka hoʻolaʻa nui. Ua hauʻoli nō hoʻi nā holoholona ʻeha a i ʻole nā ​​​​holoholona kahiko i ka pale a mālama ʻana i ka pua. Me he mea lā ke kanikau nei nā Elepani i ka make o ko lākou ʻano ponoʻī. Mahalo i ko lākou hoʻomanaʻo maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole wale lākou i ʻike i ka mea nona ka puaʻa, akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanaʻo i nā mea hoʻopilikia a i ʻole nā ​​​​kānaka i hana i kekahi mea iā lākou i nā makahiki ma hope.

Noho kaʻe ʻelepani kāne makua mai ka ʻohana a hui pū me nā wahine e male wale. Pono nā kāne ʻōpio e haʻalele i ka ʻohana ma kahi o 15 mau makahiki a laila noho pū ma nā "hui bachelor". ʻO nā bipi kahiko he mau hoa hiki ʻole ke neʻe wale.

Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā ʻelepani bipi i ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "pono": Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i nā loli hormonal i ka ʻano a hiki i nā holoholona ke hoʻomāinoino loa i kēia manawa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻohe pili o ka Pono me ka makemake o nā holoholona e mare, ʻaʻole i wehewehe ʻia kāna hana.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā elepani a pau i loko o ke kumu, i ulu mai ka lehelehe luna a me ka ihu: he mau tausani o nā ʻiʻo like ʻole i hoʻonohonoho ʻia a puni nā puka ihu ʻelua.

ʻO ka pahu kahi mea hana maʻalahi: ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hanu. Hāpai nā holoholona iā ia i ka lewa e honi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻelepani i ka ʻohi ʻana me ko lākou mau kumu a me ka ʻohi ʻana i nā lau a me nā lālā mai nā kumu lāʻau mai ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ʻehiku mika. A mahalo i nā ʻumiʻumi koʻikoʻi ma ka piko o ko lākou mau kumu, hiki i nā ʻelepani ke ʻike a hoʻopā maikaʻi loa me ko lākou mau kumu.

No ka inu ʻana, omo lākou i kekahi mau lita o ka wai ma kahi o 40 kenimika ke kiʻekiʻe, e pani i ka wēlau me nā manamana lima o ko lākou probosci a sīwī i ka wai i loko o ko lākou waha.

Ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ke kino o ka ʻelepani e pili ana i ko lākou kino nui, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokuʻu i ka wela liʻiliʻi. No kēia kumu, loaʻa iā lākou nā pepeiao nui loa, i lako pono i ke koko a hiki iā lākou ke hoʻoponopono i ka mahana o ko lākou kino.

Ke hoʻoneʻe lākou i ko lākou mau pepeiao - ʻo ia hoʻi e pāpaʻi iā lākou - hāʻawi lākou i ka wela o ke kino. Makemake nui nā Elepani i ka ʻauʻau ʻana a me ka pipi ʻana iā lākou iho me ka wai: kōkua pū ka ʻauʻau ʻauʻau iā lākou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ko lākou kino i ka wā wela.

Hele lōʻihi nā ʻelepani hihiu i kekahi manawa no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meaʻai. He mea leʻaleʻa lākou i ka hele ʻana: Holo lākou ma nā savannas a me nā ululāʻau ma kahi o ʻelima mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola. Ke hoʻoweliweli ʻia naʻe, hiki iā lākou ke holo i ka wikiwiki a hiki i 40 mau kilomita i kēlā me kēia hola.

ʻO nā hoaaloha a me nā ʻenemi o nā ʻelepani

He kakaikahi na enemi o na Elepani makua ma ke aupuni holoholona. Eia naʻe, inā manaʻo lākou i ka hoʻoweliweli a i ʻole ka pilikia o kā lākou ʻōpio, hoʻouka lākou i ko lākou mau hoa paio: hohola lākou i ko lākou mau pepeiao a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ko lākou mau kumu. A laila, ʻōwili lākou i ko lākou mau ʻōpala, holo i mua o ko lākou mau hoa paio me ke poʻo i lalo, a hoʻopau wale iā lākou me ko lākou kino nui.

ʻO nā ʻelepani bipi kekahi i kekahi manawa e hakakā kekahi me kekahi, e holo ana kekahi i kekahi a hoʻokuke kekahi i kekahi. Hiki i kēia mau hakakā ke ʻino loa a hiki i ka haki ʻana o nā ʻiʻo.

Pehea e hanau ai na Elepani?

Hiki i nā Elepani ke hoʻopā i ka makahiki a puni. He lōʻihi loa ka wā hāpai: hānau wale ka ʻelepani wahine i kāna ʻōpio ʻelua makahiki ma hope o ka male ʻana.

ʻOi aku kona kaumaha ma mua o 100 kilokani i kona hānau ʻana a hoʻokahi mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma hope koke iho o ka hānau ʻana, ʻōkuʻu nā pēpē elepani i ko lākou mau wāwae, i kākoʻo ʻia e ke kumu o ko lākou makuahine. Hiki iā lākou ke hele i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau hola ma hope. I ka wā mua, loaʻa wale i ke keiki bipi ka waiū o kona makuahine: No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ʻo ia i nā ʻuʻu o ka makuahine ma waena o nā wāwae mua me kona waha. Hoʻomaka mālie nā keiki liʻiliʻi e ʻohi i nā lau mauʻu me ko lākou mau kumu.

Mai ka makahiki ʻelua, hānai wale ka pēpē ʻelepani i ka meaʻai mea kanu. Hoʻomaka wale ka ulu ʻana ma waena o ka makahiki mua a me ke kolu o ke ola. ʻO ka ʻelepani wale nō ka ulu ʻana ma waena o nā makahiki 12 a me 20 a ma laila wale nō lākou e lilo ai i mea makua kāne. Hiki i ka Elepani wahine ke hānau i nā ʻōpiopio he ʻumi i kona wā e ola ana.

Pehea e kamaʻilio ai nā ʻelepani?

Kūkākūkā nā Elepani me nā leo. I ka wā e kū ai i ka pōʻino a me ke koʻikoʻi, hoʻokani pū lākou me ka leo nui. Eia nō naʻe, kamaʻilio maʻamau lākou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kapa ʻia ʻo infrasound. He mea ike ole ia i ko kakou mau pepeiao. Hiki i nā Elepani ke "kamaʻilio" kekahi i kekahi ma kahi o nā kilomika. Hoʻohana ʻia ka pili ʻana me ka ihu, ka honi ʻana i kekahi, a me ka hoʻopā ʻana no ke kamaʻilio ʻana.