Mary Allen
Hōʻike ia mau ʻike ʻana ʻaʻole ʻeha ka ʻeha e like me ke kanaka. Loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻāpana sensory e hiki ai iā lākou ke ʻike i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ʻeha. Akā ʻaʻole ʻike ka hapa nui o nā invertebrates i ka ʻeha ma muli o ko lākou ʻano lolo maʻalahi - ʻaʻole hoʻi nā ilo honua a me nā inike.
ʻO ka Berlin neurobiologist Menzel kahi manaʻo ʻē aʻe. I kona manaʻo, ʻaʻole pili ka ʻeha i ka ʻike a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala phylogenetic. No Menzel, pili ka ʻike o ka ʻeha i ka ʻike. "Ke ʻike nā holoholona iā lākou iho ma ke ʻano he kanaka, hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomohala i kahi ʻano manaʻo - he mea like me ka ʻeha," wahi a Menzel.
Hiki i ka heʻe ke hana i kēia. ʻAʻole hiki i ka poʻe hana o kahi kolo nalo meli ke ʻike i kekahi i kekahi. No laila, manaʻo ʻo Menzel he mea hiki ʻole ke ʻeha ka nalo.
ʻOiai ke mau nei nā kānalua: Ma Kelemānia, pāpā loa ʻia ka hoʻokau ʻana i ka ʻeha i nā holoholona. ʻO ka Animal Welfare Act ke hahai nei i ka hopena hoʻohālikelike. Eia naʻe, mālama ʻia nā vertebrates e like me ka iʻa, amphibians, reptile, manu, a me nā mammals ma lalo o ke kānāwai karaima. Haʻalele ʻia nā mea ʻokoʻa ʻole e like me nā inike, nā kolo, a me nā snails.
I kēia manawa, pono e hōʻike ʻia nā hoʻokolohua me kēia mau mea ola, akā ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia. He kūlana kūikawā kekahi o nā hee a me nā crustacean i ulu nui ʻia e like me ka ula. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ʻepekema ʻo kēia mau holoholona he ʻōnaehana hoʻomohala nui loa e hiki ai ke ʻeha.
Hiki i ka ʻinikena ke ʻeha?
ʻO ka ʻeha mau loa: ʻAʻole hiki i nā ʻōpala ke ʻike wale i ka ʻeha nui, ʻeha pū lākou i ka ʻeha mau - e like me mākou, nā kānaka. ʻOiai inā ua lōʻihi ka hoʻōla ʻana o kahi ʻeha aʻalolo, ua maʻalahi lākou i nā mea hoʻoulu ʻeha, e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o kahi hoʻokolohua.
Hiki i ka spider ke ʻeha?
ʻO Wolfgang Nentwig, ka mea noiʻi kaiaola a me ka spider, University of Bern "Hiki i nā holoholona āpau i loaʻa i ke kikowaena pūnaewele ke ʻeha, me nā vertebrates a me nā arthropods e like me nā spiders a me nā molluscs.
Ua ʻeha nā holoholona ke ʻai ʻia?
Loaʻa i nā manu nā ʻeha ʻeha a no laila ke ʻeha e like me nā mammals, e like me Bekoff. Ma kahi noiʻi 2000, koho nā moa ʻoʻopa i nā meaʻai i loaʻa nā lāʻau ʻeha i ka wā i hāʻawi ʻia i kahi koho meaʻai.
ʻO wai nā holoholona i ʻeha ʻole?
Paʻa, kūpaʻa, a ʻoʻoleʻa loa: he mau hiʻohiʻona ko ka ʻiole mole olohelohe o ʻApelika e hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai nā mammals ʻē aʻe. Ua ʻike ʻia kahi hui noiʻi Kelemania-ʻAmelika ua aneane ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ka ʻeha.
ʻAʻole hiki i ka nalo ke kanikau
Hōʻike pinepine ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka ʻeha e nā hoʻokolohua physiological, e like me ka piʻi ʻana o ka puʻuwai a i ʻole ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā pae hormone.
ʻOiai inā lilo ka ʻeha i mea hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kēia ʻano: ʻO ka hope, hoʻoili wale nā kānaka i kā lākou ʻike ponoʻī i ka honua holoholona ma ke ʻano hoʻohālikelike.
He kūpono paha kēia i ka wā e pili ana i nā holoholona i pili pili i ke kanaka. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma kahi pae phylogenetic, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o nā koina ʻeha: ʻAʻole hiki i ka nalo ke kani a ʻuʻu i kona mau niho.
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia ko lākou pūnaeho puʻupuʻu me ke kikowaena o nā vertebrates. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka neurobiologist ʻo Menzel, ka mea nāna i noiʻi i nā kaʻina aʻo ʻana i ka nalo, manaʻo ʻo ia he mea pono no ka loiloi ʻana i ka ʻeha. No hoʻokahi kumu maʻalahi: ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā mākou.
Ma ka hanu hoʻokahi, akā naʻe, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Menzel e kūʻē i ka hopena hope: "Pono ke kanaka e makaʻala ʻaʻole e manaʻo e ʻeha ka ilo no ka mea e wili ana."
Mai ka manaʻo ʻepekema, ʻaʻole kūpono ka nui o ka empathy, ʻae ʻo Alexander Borst mai ka Max Planck Institute for Neurobiology ma Martinsried. He ʻokoʻa loa ke kanaka mai nā holoholona no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻeha holoholona: "He ʻenekini haʻi wāwae ke hele e like me ka wā ma mua, me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o ka wāwae." ʻAi wale nō nā ʻūhini i ka ʻai ʻia ʻana e ka mantis pule.