Nā iʻa Kūkākūkā i loko o ka Aquarium: ʻŌlelo Aʻo no ka mālama ʻana iā lākou

ʻO ka wafer-thin, akā nani ka waihoʻoluʻu, hele mai ka iʻa discus a lanakila hou aʻe i nā aquarium a me nā puʻuwai o nā mea nona kēia ʻāina. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā iʻa ma muli o ko lākou ʻano kūʻokoʻa kūiki, akā ʻoi aku ka nui ma muli o ko lākou ʻano o nā kala kala, nā ʻano, nā nuances kupaianaha a me nā noʻonoʻo māmā. He mea nānā maka maoli lākou i kēlā me kēia loko, akā ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka mālama ʻana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā iʻa discus mai ka hanauna mua a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a i ʻole ka iʻa ʻāhiu. No ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi paʻa - a i ʻole he fin - i ka aquaristics, ʻo ka makemake e mālama i kēia mau iʻa i hana nui i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana i nā kānana aquarium, nā ʻōnaehana mālama wai a me ka hana ʻana i nā meaʻai iʻa. I kēia manawa, ua hānai maikaʻi ʻia nā keiki kūleʻa ma nā wahi he nui, ʻo kekahi me nā inoa kūpono noʻonoʻo e like me Marlboro Red, Tangerine Dream a i ʻole Pigeon Blood. Mahalo i nā aquarists ʻike, aia nā ʻike hoihoi e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i nā iʻa discus i ʻike ʻole ʻia e nā mea aloha iʻa. Pono mau ka nānā ʻana i ke ola a me ka hana o ka iʻa discus.

Kūkākūkā iʻa ma ke kiʻi

Hiki ke kuhikuhi pono ʻia ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka iʻa discus i ka Amazon. ʻIke ʻia ka iʻa mai Peru a i ka delta Amazon Brazilian, kahi e hui ai ka muliwai me ka Atlantika. A hahai pū nō hoʻi, ma ke ala. He kumu waiwai lākou o ka protein no ka poʻe ʻōiwi o Amazonia, akā ma luna o nā mea āpau he kumu waiwai nui no nā kamaʻāina ʻē aʻe, no ka mea hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma ke ʻano he huahana exotic exotic no ka aquaristics.

Ma muli o ka nui o ka ʻāina ʻo Amazon, ʻike ʻia ka iʻa discus i nā ʻano kala ʻē aʻe a me nā subspecies ma nā wahi he nui. ʻO nā kau maloʻo a me ka ua ma muli o ke aniau e hoʻoulu pinepine ai i nā loko wai kūlohelohe e like me ka mokupuni kahi e ulu kūʻokoʻa ai ka heluna kanaka mai nā mea like ʻole. No laila ua wehewehe ʻia a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā iʻa.

KULA - Kūkākūkā iʻa

Hoʻopaʻapaʻa mau ʻia ka iʻa discus a me kāna mau ʻano subspecies. Kālua ʻia kekahi mau ʻike, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kekahi me ka ʻike ʻepekema kūpono. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā kiʻekiʻe o nā kukuna hope, vertebrae a me nā helu unahi. Eia naʻe, pili nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe i nā ʻano ʻano āpau i ʻike ʻia. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka iʻa discus penei:

systematics

• Ka inoa ʻepekema: Symphysodon
• ʻOhana: Cichlids (Cichlinae)
• ʻAno: ka iʻa wai maʻemaʻe
• Kumu: ʻO ka ʻōnaehana kahawai ʻo Amazon ma ʻAmelika Hema

E nānā

• kino haiki loa, hope kiʻekiʻe
• pōkole, poepoe hope a me anal fi
• ʻākala pectoral fis
• ʻūhā ʻūhā kiko
• ka lae lōʻihi me ka ihu pōkole loa, ka waha liʻiliʻi a me nā lehelehe maʻamau
• ʻO nā kaha kū pololei ʻālohilohi ma luna o nā maka, hohola hou aʻe nā kaha transversal ma luna o ke kino
• Hoʻemi ʻia ka niho o ka iwi pharyngeal, nā niho kiko hoʻokahi ma ka symphysis
• Nui kino: 12-16 knm i ka nahelehele, a hiki i 20 knm i ka aquarium

Kepekema

• ka wela o ka wai wela (29 – 34 °C)
• nā waiwai pH acidic (4 - 6.5)
• maikaʻi wai palupalu
• nā wai maʻemaʻe loa, ʻaʻohe hapa nui o nā minerala a me nā mea kūlohelohe
• ʻO nā kapa pali a me nā pāpū wai me ka hohonu o ka wai ma kahi o 1.5 m

kino

• ʻoihana
• ʻiʻo pepeke
• nā ʻuo bristle
• ʻōpae liʻiliʻi
• ʻōpala mea kanu pala

Ke ala o ke ola

• Noho ka iʻa Discus i nā hui kaiaulu (kula) a hana ʻelua
• ʻO ke kino o ke kino: mai 7 - 12 mahina
• Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ke kāne: I ka wahine, puka mai ka oviduct i ka wā hoʻokama
• Hana ʻia ka male ʻana me ka lako meaʻai me ka ʻōpae wai maʻemaʻe
• Spawn: ma kahi o 300 mau hua, kahi e paʻa ai nā ʻōpuʻu ma hope o 2.5 mau lā a hana ʻia nā pūʻulu ma ke kahua hoʻopulapula a hiki i ka hiki ke ʻau wale ma hope o 4 mau lā.
• Mālama nā mākua ʻelua i ke keiki; ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kūikawā: hānai nā larvae, ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma nā ʻili ʻili o luna o nā mākua (a hiki i 4 mau pule)
• awelika ola manaʻolana: ma kahi o 5 makahiki

ʻO nā subspecies kaulana loa

ʻOkoʻa nā manaʻo ma nā ʻano subspecies. ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo 3 a 5 wale nō nā ʻano discus i wehewehe ʻia ma ka ʻepekema. I ka 'oiaʻiʻo:

• ʻO Symphsysodon discus (ʻo ia hoʻi ka discus maoli) me nā laina nalu a me kahi ʻāpana ākea ʻeleʻele ma ka hapa hope o ke kino a ma ka maka.
• ʻO Symphsysodon aequifasciatus me ka heluna nui o nā unahi a me 7 a 9 mau kaha lōʻihi i hoʻopaʻa like ʻia, ʻo ka mea hope ma ke kumu o ka ʻeke ʻeke.
• ʻO Symphsysodon tarzoo ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula me nā kiko ʻulaʻula ma nā ʻaoʻao o ke kino a ma ka ʻili anal
• ʻO Symphsysodon haraldi a me Symphsysodon sp. 2 hoʻokaʻawale i ka nānā ʻana a maikaʻi ʻole ka wehewehe ʻana.

Ma waho aʻe o kēia mau ʻano hihiu, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hānau ʻana o nā aquarists. Maanei, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻokoʻa wale nā ​​kala a me nā ʻano hiʻohiʻona. Eia naʻe, ʻano like ʻole nā ​​inoa, a ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i nā hoʻolālā kūʻai aku ma mua o ka ʻepekema maoli.

ʻO nā Pidgeon Snakes, German Wonders, Blue Diamonds a me White Leopards aia i loko o kā lākou papa ponoʻī. ʻOiai he iʻa discus lākou a pau, ʻike ʻia ka waiwai kūʻai i pili pono i ke kala a me ke ʻano.

Ma muli o ka makemake o ka poʻe kūʻai, ʻo nā ʻano i hoʻoulu ʻia e hopena i kahi ʻano ākea. A no laila, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka iʻa discus ma mua o kahi mea kupanaha i lalo o ka wai.

Kūkākūkā iʻa i loko o ka aquarium

Ma kahi mamao loa mai ka Amazon, aia nā koi kiʻekiʻe no nā aquarists i mea e mālama ai i nā iʻa discus e like me ke ʻano kūpono. ʻAʻole ia he mea koʻikoʻi inā like lākou me ka labyrinth ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ​​​​turquoise exotics: palupalu loa ko lākou olakino a pili i nā kumu he nui. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau mea ma ke kaiapuni kūlohelohe a pono e hoʻomalu pono ʻia a hoʻoponopono ʻia. Ma kēia ala wale nō e hiki ai i kahi aquarium me nā iʻa discus ke ulu a hoʻopuʻi i nā mea nānā a pau.

ʻO ka aquarium kūpono no ka iʻa discus

No ka noho ʻana o nā holoholona i nā pūʻulu, i kapa ʻia nā kula, pono lākou e mālama ʻia i loko o ka aquarium me ka liʻiliʻi o 4 a 5 mau mea hoʻohālike. No laila, makemake ʻia kahi ākea ma kahi o 300 lita (ma kahi o 50 – 60 lita no ka iʻa). ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo ʻia ka nui o ka pahu, ka waihona waihona aquarium a me nā mea hana. ʻAʻole e haʻi i ke kaumaha - no laila he mea nui e nānā i nā statics ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kimebala discus i loko o ke keʻena!

I kēia manawa, hōʻike wale nā ​​wahine i kā lākou kāne i ka wā o kahi hōʻike hoʻokipa a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kāne i ka manawa maikaʻi. No laila pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia ka poʻe ʻōpio. ʻAʻole kūpono ka mālama ʻana i nā kāne like ʻole no kēia ʻano iʻa, ʻo ka mālama ʻana iā lākou wale nō he mea ʻole loa ia a ʻo ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻololi i kēia.
Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia kēia mau mea i ke koho ʻana i ka aquarium kūpono. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hāʻawi ʻana i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana i nā kaua turf me nā keiki i loko o ka loko.

A i ʻole, manaʻo ʻia nā iʻa discus i ka maluhia, ka ʻauʻau mālie a me ke kū pololei. I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, pono lākou ma kahi o 50 cm hohonu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.

No nā aquarium ʻē aʻe, ʻo kahi wahi palekana wale nō ke kūpono i kahi, ʻaʻole pololei ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka mea hoʻomehana, ʻaʻole i ka lā pololei a i ʻole i ʻike ʻia i nā draughts, a inā hiki me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia o nā haʻalulu ʻāina. Ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia mau mea a pau, hiki ke hoʻonohonoho a hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka aquarium.

Nā lako a me ka hoʻolālā

ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono e hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻia a mālama ʻia kēlā ʻano wai nui. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, ʻākoakoa ka discus i nā kula a me nā pālua, ʻauʻau kū pololei ma mua o ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai, maʻamau e kau ʻia ma kahi o kahi malu kahi e loaʻa koke ai ka puʻuhonua a peʻe mai ka ʻike ʻana i ka pōʻino.

ʻO ia hoʻi, hoʻokani ke mele i waenakonu o ka aquarium. ʻO ka hopena, ua hoʻokumu nuiʻia nā mea hana ma kahi mea kikowaena. Hiki ke hana ʻia kēia me nā pōhaku aquarium e hāʻawi ana i nā ana he nui, ka paia aquarium prefabricated, a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea hoʻolālā kūikawā e like me ka moku pirate replica, hale aliʻi i lalo o ka wai a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea āu e makemake ai a ʻaʻohe mea haumia.

I ka manawa like, pono e hāʻawi ka pahu i kahi no ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻāina. Inā wela loa ka waena i ka wā e ʻā ana nā hormones, pono e lawa nā koho hoʻihoʻi i loaʻa ma nā kihi. Hiki kēia ma ke ʻano o nā mea kanu wai, nā aʻa a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea kūlohelohe kūpono.

I ke kanu ʻana, pono e uku ʻia ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu kūikawā e ʻae maikaʻi i ke aniau o lalo o ka wai, a inā hiki, mai pala a hoʻokuʻu i nā mea ʻino. ʻO kēia mau mea, no ka laʻana, nā mea kanu pahi kaua (Echinodorus), nā lau ihe (Anubias), nā ʻili wai (Vallisneria), nā kīʻaha wai (Cryptocorynes) a me nā ferns e like me ka Mircosorum. ʻAʻole nui ke kanu ʻana i ka iʻa, no laila maikaʻi ke wehe ( kanu ʻia). Hiki i kekahi mau mea kanu lana a me nā aʻa hāʻule ke kōkua i ka hoʻomāmā i ka mālamalama, e like me ia ma Amazon.

Paipai ʻia ke one kahawai maikaʻi ma ke ʻano he papahele, loaʻa pinepine ʻia e like me ke one aquarium kūikawā. Pono e ʻai maikaʻi i ka iʻa e ʻai ai i loko, akā paʻa i hiki ke aʻa i nā mea kanu.

ʻO nā mea kanu artificial kekahi mea maʻamau no ka iʻa discus. ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻāla i ka nīnau no ka maikaʻi o ka lepo a i ʻole ke kūlike. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻai ka iʻa i nā ʻāpana mea kanu ola a ʻaʻole pono iā lākou no ka meaʻai, me nā mea kanu artificial e waiho ʻia kahi kānana kūlohelohe koʻikoʻi. Hiki ke uku ʻia kēia e ka ʻenehana kānana a ma ka manawa like e hāʻawi ai nā mea kanu artificial i ka malu a me nā manawa e hoʻi ai e like me nā kumu mua. Eia naʻe, ʻo ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka makemake o kēlā me kēia o nā mea nona ke kuleana - ua like kekahi me kēia ʻano, ʻo kekahi ma ke ʻano.

ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka wai, ka mahana a me ka mālamalama

Aneane hiki ke wehewehe ʻia ka noho ʻana o ka iʻa discus he mea ʻino i ke ola, a i ʻole he aloha ʻole i ke ola. ʻAʻole palahalaha kekahi bacteria a me nā pathogens i loko o ke kaiapuni ʻakika. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hopohopo ka iʻa discus i nā waiwai pH acidic ma mua o ka wai kiʻekiʻe a maʻemaʻe. ʻO kāna mau pale ma ke ʻano haʻahaʻa, ʻoi aku ka nāwaliwali.

No laila pono nā kānana maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka wai kūpono i nā ʻano. A i ʻole, ma nā mahana ma luna o 29 °C, e laha koke nā germs. ʻO nā kānana aquarium kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohui mau i nā mea kānana like ʻole me ka hoʻoili ʻana o ke ola e nā microorganisms, a laila e hoʻoponopono i ka mea kānana a mai laila e hoʻohuli ai i nā toxins, decompose nitrite a me ka amonia a hoʻomoʻa a wāwahi i nā koena o ka iʻa.
I ka manawa like, pono e palupalu ka wai, ʻaʻohe mea hiki ke ana ʻia ka paʻakikī. ʻO ka pH maikaʻi ʻo 4 a 5. Inā hoʻohui ʻia ka wai maʻemaʻe i ka ʻauʻau ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka wai ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka nui o 2 degere ke anuanu, ʻaʻole i mahana. I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻopiha ʻia nā waiwai me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka peat, alder cones, lau beech a i ʻole nā ​​​​hoʻomākaukau wai kūikawā.

I mea e ulu ai nā mea kanu a me nā iʻa ma ke ʻano kūpono i ko lākou ʻano, he 12 mau hola i ka lā kūpono. Akā naʻe, paʻakikī ka iʻa discus i ka māmā. Ma waho aʻe o nā mea kanu lana i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, i kekahi manawa he aʻa hoʻi, ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā paipu fluorescent hoʻoponopono nāwaliwali. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻopuka i nā kala nui o ka iʻa i ko lākou pono maikaʻi loa, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā kukui me kahi mea ʻulaʻula.

Eia kekahi, loaʻa nā timers, nā mea hoʻoheheʻe koʻokoʻo, nā kānana waho a me lalo, nā paipu o ke ao a me nā mea hoʻohui i loaʻa no nā aquarium discus, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā pono o nā iʻa wai maʻemaʻe a me ka nui o nā pahu nui.

E hānai pono i nā iʻa discus

Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā iʻa hoʻonaninani ʻē aʻe, he ʻano pōkole ko ka discus. No laila pono e hānai ʻia i nā manawa he nui i ka lā, me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi e lawa. ʻO nā meaʻai paʻa, nā meaʻai ola, nā huaola a me / a i ʻole nā ​​granules e "lawe ʻia" 2 a 3 mau manawa i ka lā a ʻokoʻa. Pono nā iʻa ʻōpiopio i 5 mau ʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, e loli mālie ana i 3 a i ʻole 2.

I ka wā e pili ana i ka hānai ponoʻī, he mea nui ka haku mele kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea a pau ʻaʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e pau i ka wai a hāʻawi i kahi kumu no nā germs, i ʻike ʻia he ʻino no ka discus. No laila, hoʻohiki kekahi poʻe aquarist i ka meaʻai discus i kūʻai ʻia i ka wā e hānai ai i ka discus. Maʻaneʻi, ua hāpai kūikawā ka ʻoihana i nā ʻano iʻa a hana i kahi haku kikoʻī, kiʻekiʻe ke koi no nā iʻa hoʻonaninani. ʻO nā mea mālama ʻē aʻe, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hilinaʻi nui i ka meaʻai ola. I kēia hihia, akā naʻe, pono e hoʻohui ʻia ka meaʻai me nā mea kanu decomposing, kahi e hana ai i kahi ʻāpana like ʻole o ka meaʻai maoli. Hiki kēia i nā lau make, e like me ka beech, ʻoka, alder, birch, nā lāʻau ʻalemona moana a me nā mea kanu like. Kākoʻo nā mea kanu lua i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi.

ʻAʻole hoʻopōʻino kekahi lā a ʻelua paha me ka ʻole o ka iʻa discus olakino. ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe: hoʻomaʻemaʻe nā lā hoʻokē ʻai i ka digestive tract a pale i ka maikaʻi o ka wai. Pono e hoʻokumu ʻia ia mau hana ma luna o ka ʻike kūpono a me ka maluhia o ka noʻonoʻo ua kūpono nā iʻa a pau i loko o ka pahu.

Ka iʻa hoa no ka discus

Inā ʻoe e nānā i nā kūlana mālama no ka iʻa discus, ua kaupalena ʻia ke koho ʻana i nā iʻa hoa. ʻAʻole no ka poʻe a pau ka mahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻoluʻolu a me ka ʻakika. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i pani ka iʻa hoa no nā mea kikoʻī a i hoʻohana hewa ʻole ʻia e like me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana. He mea maʻamau nā pahu ʻano ʻano maʻemaʻe a kūpono no nā iʻa discus.

Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe, pono ʻoe e hoʻolohe i ko lākou maluhia a, ma mua o nā mea āpau, e pale i nā ʻano ʻano ʻāina. ʻo kahi laʻana:

• ʻO ka iʻa omo a me ka iʻa pale kaua
• nā tetra liʻiliʻi: neon tetras, hatchet, lemon tetras, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe
• nā cichlids dwarf a me nā cichlids butterfly
• nā ʻōpae like ʻole, nā ʻōpae, a me nā ʻōpae, no ka laʻana, nā mea ʻai limu, nā ʻulaʻula, nā ʻōpae.

Hoʻoikaika ikaika kekahi o kēia mau hoa noho i ka kānana a pēlā i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maikaʻi o ka wai. A inā ʻo ka ʻōpae wai ma ka papa kuhikuhi o ka iʻa discus, mālama ʻia ka ʻōpae mōʻī. No laila, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau ʻano i ʻōlelo ʻia he kūpono loa me ka discus, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mea hoʻohui pono.

ʻO ka mea aloha i ka discus ʻano iʻa e loaʻa iā ia nā maka no ka nani o ka waihoʻoluʻu, nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi, a me ka hana lokahi o nā holoholona.