Mary Allen
Loaʻa ka Cacao i nā hua o ka lāʻau koko. Pono mākou i ka koko ma ke ʻano he pauka ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele i loko o nā pastries he nui. Eia naʻe, ʻike maikaʻi mākou i ka koko mai ke kokoleka, no ka mea, he hapa nui i loko.
Aia nō ka inu kokoleka. He mau inoa ʻokoʻa kona: inu kokoleka, kokoleka wela, waiu kokoleka, a me ka inu koko ka mea maʻamau. Pono ʻoe i ka waiū, i kekahi manawa wai. A laila hoʻohui ʻoe i ka pauka koko a me ke kō, no ka mea, ʻawaʻawa loa ka inu. ʻO ka hui kokoleka inu mākaukau i kūʻai ʻia e ka hapa nui o ka poʻe i loaʻa ke kō.
No hea mai ka koko?
No nā kumu koko mai ka koko. Ua ulu mua lākou ma ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika Waena. Ma ke ʻano, ulu nā kumu koko ma ke ʻano he lāʻau i ka wao nahele. Ulu lākou i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 15 mika ma laila. Pono lākou i ka nui o ka wela, no laila ulu wale lākou ma nā ʻāina wela, ʻo ia hoʻi, kokoke i ka equator. Pono lākou i ka wai nui.
I loko o ka biology, hoʻokumu nā kumu koko i kahi genus me nā ʻano he nui. Lawe ʻia ka koko mai ka nui o lākou, akā ʻo ka hapa nui mai kahi ʻano hoʻokahi i kapa ʻia ʻo "lāʻau koko". No ka pale ʻana i ka huikau, ʻo ka inoa ʻepekema ʻo Theobroma cacao.
Ua hoʻohana ka poʻe Aztec i nā hua o ka lāʻau koko no kahi inu kūikawā. ʻO ka poʻe i ʻike iā ʻAmelika, lawe mai lākou i nā mea kanu koko i ʻApelika a mahi ʻia ma laila. Mahope mai, hiki no hoi lakou i Asia. Hoʻopuka ʻo Côte dʻIvoire i ka koko nui loa i kēia lā, ʻo ia ka hapakolu o nā koko a pau i hana ʻia ma ka honua. Ua ukali ʻia kēia e Ghana, Indonesia, Cameroon, a me Nigeria.
Pehea ka ulu ʻana o ka pī koko?
Pono nā kumu koko i ka malu. Aia i loko o ka ululāʻau. I loko o nā mahi kanu, ua hui pū ʻia nā kumulāʻau koko me nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe, no ka laʻana me ka niu, ka maiʻa, nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau, nā avocados a me nā mango. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia nā kumu koko i nā mea kanu e ulu kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ʻehā mau mika.
Nui nā pua o nā kumu koko. ʻAʻole lākou i pollinated e ka nalo e like me ka hapa nui o kā mākou pua, akā na nā makika liʻiliʻi. ʻOi aku ka nui o kēia mau mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pī koko āu e ʻohi ai.
Mohala nā kumu koko i ka makahiki a puni no ka mea, ʻaʻohe kau ma nā wahi hoʻopaʻa. He ʻelima paha makahiki o ka lāʻau koko ma mua o kona pua ʻana no ka manawa mua. ʻIke ʻia ka hapa nui o nā pua mai ka ʻumikūmālua makahiki.
ʻO ka hua ʻō aʻe a hiki i ka kapuaʻi ka lōʻihi, e like me ka hapa nui o nā lula a mākou e hoʻohana ai ma ke kula. He hapalua kilo ke kaumaha o kekahi hua. Loaʻa iā ia ka pulp a hiki i 50 mau hua. Ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea ʻo "nā koko koko".
Pehea ʻoe e hana ai i ka pī koko?
ʻOki nā mea hana i nā hua o nā kumulāʻau me kā lākou pahi, ʻo ia nā pahi nui. Wehe pū lākou i ka hua me ia. Hoʻomaka koke ka pulp e ferment, ʻo ia hoʻi, ua lilo ke kō i loko o ka waiʻona. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole hiki ke ulu nā hua, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana i nā aʻa. Nalo kekahi mau mea ʻono ʻawaʻawa.
A laila maloʻo mau ka pī i ka lā. He hapalua wale nō ko lākou kaumaha. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia lākou i loko o nā ʻeke a hoʻouna ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa.
ʻO ka mua, ua ʻala ʻia nā pī e like me ka pī kofe a i ʻole ka chestnuts. No laila ua hoʻomehana ʻia lākou ma kahi pā, akā ʻaʻole i wela maoli. Ma laila wale nō e wehe ʻia ai ka pūpū a haki nā ʻano. Kapa ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana he "cocoa nibs".
Hoʻopili ʻia nā nibs i loko o kahi wili kūikawā, ka hopena o ka nui koko. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana iā lākou i ke kokoleka. Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻomi iā lākou a loaʻa ka pata koko. Hiki ke wili hou ʻia ka nui maloʻo i koe. Penei ka hana ʻana i ka pauka koko.
He aha nā pilikia ma ka honua a puni ka koko?
Ma ʻAmelika, kanu ʻia ka koko ma nā māla nui. He mea paʻakikī kēia no ke ʻano, no ka mea, ulu mau ka mea like ma nā wahi nui, a no ka mea e kaumaha pinepine ʻia ka ʻāina maoli no ia mea.
Ma ʻApelika, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻohana ka mea hana koko. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki i nā ʻohana ke ola maoli i ke kālā i loaʻa iā lākou. Ke ʻeke nei ke aupuni a me nā kipi i ka hapa nui o ke kālā e uku ai i kā lākou kaua kīwila. Aia kekahi pilikia e kōkua pinepine ai nā keiki a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke hele i ke kula. Aia nō ke kauā a me ke kālepa keiki.
I kēia lā, aia nā hui like ʻole e kūpaʻa nei i ke kālepa pono i nā pī koko. Makemake lākou e hōʻoia i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻohana i ka uku kūpono e hiki ai iā lākou ke ola maoli me ka ʻole o ka hana keiki. Akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ia mau huahana koko ma ka hale kūʻai.
Aia kekahi pilikia ma nā ala kalepa. ʻO nā hui nui, no ka laʻana, ke kāohi nei i ka koko a manaʻolana e piʻi ke kumukūʻai. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke loaʻa mai $800 a kokoke i $3,000 no ke tona. ʻAʻole naʻe ka poʻe mahi koko ka pōmaikaʻi i kēia, akā, ʻo ka poʻe a me nā hui kālepa me ia.