Mary Allen
ʻO ka zoo kahi e noho ai nā holoholona i loko o nā pā. Hiki i nā malihini ke ʻike iā lākou ma laila. Mālama ʻia nā holoholona a hānai ʻia e nā kānaka. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo mai "zoological garden". ʻO Zoology ka ʻepekema e pili ana i nā holoholona. ʻO nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe he "māka holoholona" a me "menagerie".
Ua mālama nā kānaka i nā holoholona hihiu no nā kaukani makahiki. I kēia lā, ʻōlelo ka poʻe nona ka zoo: ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe malihini e hele mai i ka zoo no ka mea hauʻoli lākou i ka ʻike holoholona. Pono ka poʻe malihini e aʻo i kekahi mea. Eia nō naʻe, manaʻo kekahi poʻe ʻaʻole maikaʻi loa ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā holoholona hihiu.
Aia ma kahi liʻiliʻi hoʻokahi zoo ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia ʻāina o ka honua. Nui kekahi, liʻiliʻi kekahi. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i nā kānaka a pau nā holoholona "exotic" mai nā ʻāina mamao. Ma Kelemānia wale nō, hiki iā ʻoe ke kipa ma luna o 800 zoos. Ua kipa ʻia lākou e nā miliona o nā kānaka.
ʻO kahi mea like me ka zoo he paka holoholona hihiu a i ʻole he pā safari. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā wahi o nā holoholona ma laila. ʻAe ʻia ka poʻe kipa ma kekahi mau ala ma o ka paka. Ma ka paka safari, kaʻa maʻamau lākou no ka mea aia nā holoholona weliweli e holo ana ma ka paka: nā liona, no ka laʻana.
I ka manawa hea i haku ai ke kanaka i ka zoo?
I ka wā kahiko, ua kūkulu ʻia nā kīhāpai i nā aliʻi a me nā kānaka waiwai i paʻa ai nā holoholona. Ua puni ʻo Schönbrunn Zoo ma Vienna no nā makahiki he 250. ʻO ia ka zoo kahiko loa i kēia lā.
Ua hana ʻia ka zoo mua loa ma Lākana i ka makahiki 1828. Ua manaʻo maoli ʻia e lawelawe i nā ʻepekema i hiki iā lākou ke aʻo maikaʻi i nā holoholona. Akā ʻo ka manaʻo maoli ʻo ia ka hoʻokipa ʻana i ka poʻe o Lākana. ʻO ia ke kumu i kūkulu ʻia ai ma waenakonu o ke kūlanakauhale. Ua lilo ʻo London Zoo i kumu hoʻohālike no nā zoo ʻē aʻe.
He aha nā mea i loko o nā zoos?
I ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i kahi zoo, ʻo ka mea mua e komo i ka naʻau ʻo ia nā wahi e noho ai nā holoholona: nā hīnaʻi, nā pā, nā aquarium, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi laʻana, he hale monkey me nā hīnaʻi no nā monkey a me nā alahele no nā malihini. Eia kekahi, pono ia i nā hale no ka poʻe e hana ana i ka zoo, e like me nā kahu mālama holoholona. ʻO ia mau hale hoʻi e mālama i nā mea hana a lākou e hoʻohana ai, no ka laʻana, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hale.
Pono ka poʻe kipa i ka lā maikaʻi ma ka zoo. He mau kahua pāʻani no nā keiki. Aia kekahi mau zoos i nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni e hōʻike ana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni e pili ana i nā holoholona. Ma nā hale kūʻai souvenir, no ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā kiʻi o nā holoholona. ʻO ka mea hope loa, pono e hiki i nā malihini ke kūʻai i mea e ʻai ai a inu ai.
He kahiko loa kekahi mau zoo. ʻO ia ke kumu he mau hale kahiko e mahalo ai i loko, he mea hoihoi i loko o lākou iho. He mea maʻamau nō hoʻi nā kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā holoholona a i ʻole nā alakaʻi zoo.
No ke aha nā zoo?
I kēia mau lā, ʻōlelo ka poʻe nona ka zoo he nui nā hana o ka zoo. ʻO kahi zoo, no ka laʻana, aia ma laila no ka leʻaleʻa a me ka leʻaleʻa o nā kānaka. No laila, hele ʻoe i kahi zoo no kou makemake e ʻike i nā holoholona. Eia kekahi, nui ka poʻe e ʻike i ka hoʻomaha a me ka mālie ma ka zoo.
Pono ka zoo e aʻo i nā kānaka i kekahi mea. Aia ka ʻike e pili ana i nā hōʻailona ma nā hīnaʻi a me nā pā: he aha ka inoa o ka holoholona, hea mai ia, kāna ʻai, a pēlā aku. Ua wehewehe nā limahana zoo i kekahi mea e pili ana i nā holoholona i nā malihini. Hele nā papa kula i nā zoo.
Ke ʻike hou aku ka poʻe e pili ana i nā holoholona, ʻike paha lākou he mea nui ka mālama ʻana i nā holoholona. Pono ka poʻe e kū i ke kaiapuni a ola me ka noʻonoʻo. A laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa ʻaʻole e hoʻoweliweli hou ʻia nā holoholona i ka pau ʻana.
Aʻo nui ka poʻe hana ma ka zoo e pili ana i nā holoholona a lākou e mālama ai iā lākou iho. Eia kekahi, noiʻi nā kānaka ʻepekema ma nā zoo i nā holoholona. Me kēia ʻike hiki iā ʻoe, no ka laʻana, kōkua maikaʻi i nā holoholona maʻi, a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke aʻo i ke ʻano o ko lākou wahi noho. Hiki i nā kānaka ʻepekema ke nānā maʻalahi i nā holoholona ma nā zoo ma mua o ka nahele.
Ma hope o nā mea a pau, hānau ʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā zoo, ʻaʻole nui nā mea i koe ma ka honua. Ma kēia ala, hiki ke mālama ʻia kahi ʻano i pau i ka nahele. Hoʻokuʻu pū nā Zoos i nā holoholona i loko o ka nahele, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻolauna mālie lākou i kekahi mau holoholona i hānau ʻia ma nā zoo i ke ʻano. Hiki i kēia mau holoholona ke ola a hānau hou ma ke ʻano. No laila, pono e mālama nā Zoos i nā ʻano.
No ke aha ʻaʻole makemake nā kānaka a pau i nā zoo?
I nā zoo o ka wā i hala, ua hoʻopaʻa pinepine ʻia nā holoholona i loko o nā hīnaʻi liʻiliʻi. He ʻokoʻa kēia i kēia mau lā, ma kekahi mau zoos. Loaʻa ka nui o nā holoholona i loko o nā pā nui a hiki ke haʻalele i kēlā me kēia manawa.
Eia naʻe, paʻa mau nā holoholona. ʻOi aku no nā holoholona hihiu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe holoholona, ʻo ia ʻano ola kaumaha loa, ʻoluʻolu loa, a i ʻole pilikia loa. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kaʻahele ma ke ʻano a i ʻole ke pale aku i nā holoholona ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā manō e ʻau mau ana i nā pōʻai a i ʻole nā monkey e hana mau i ka mea like ʻaʻole ia he holoholona hauʻoli.
Hoʻokuʻu nā Zoos i nā holoholona i ka nahele, no laila ke ola nei kēia mau holoholona i ka nahele. Akā ʻaʻole hiki mai kēlā. Inā noho ka holoholona i loko o ka zoo, poina a ʻaʻole i aʻo ʻia pehea e ola ai ma ke ʻano. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ʻo ia ʻike pehea e loaʻa ai kahi meaʻai nona iho.
ʻO ka mea ʻē aʻe, ʻae ka nui o nā zoo e hopu i nā holoholona i ka nahele. ʻO ia ke kumu i nui ai nā holoholona like ʻole ma nā zoo i kēia lā. Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole ʻelemakule loa kekahi mau holoholona ma nā zoo akā make lākou i nā maʻi. A laila pono e hopu hou nā zoo i nā holoholona hou.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā pono i nā holoholona ma nā zoos. Maikaʻi kēlā no ka noiʻi. Akā, ʻaʻole hana mau nā holoholona i loko o ka zoo e like me ko lākou ʻano maoli. ʻO ia ke kumu i manaʻo ʻino ai kekahi poʻe i ia noiʻi.
ʻAʻole manaʻoʻiʻo ka poʻe kūʻē i nā zoo e aʻo nui nā malihini e pili ana i nā holoholona. Makemake wale ka hapanui o nā malihini e ʻike i nā holoholona a loaʻa kahi lā maikaʻi. Wahi a ka poʻe hana pono holoholona, ʻaʻole lākou mālama i ka ʻeha o nā holoholona. Hoʻopilikia wale kekahi poʻe i nā holoholona, hoʻomāʻewaʻewa a hoʻolei ʻōpala paha i loko o ka pā.
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā zoos he ʻoihana e makemake e loaʻa kālā. No lākou, he mea nui e hele mai nā malihini he nui. ʻAʻole hānai mau ʻia nā holoholona no ka mea ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia lākou e hoʻopau ʻia, akā aia nā holoholona pēpē nani ke nānā aku. Wahi a ka poʻe hoʻohewa: Ke ulu aʻe nā holoholona pēpē, kūʻai pinepine ʻia lākou i nā zoo ʻē aʻe a pepehi ʻia paha.
Pehea e hōʻike ana i nā kānaka ma nā zoo?
ʻIke kekahi poʻe kākau i kēia manaʻo hoihoi: Pehea inā hele mai nā malihini a hoʻopaʻa i nā kānaka i loko o nā zoo? Aia nā moʻolelo e lele ai nā extraterrestrials ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa i kā lākou UFO a lawe pū i kekahi mau mea ola me lākou mai kēlā me kēia honua. Ua paʻa ka poʻe o kēia mau moʻolelo a hoʻāʻo e pakele.
Akā ʻo ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua hōʻike ʻia nā kānaka ma nā zoos. Ma nā ʻāina waiwai o ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, makemake nā kānaka e ʻike i ke ʻano o ka poʻe i noho ma nā kolone ma ʻApelika, no ka laʻana. Ua hōʻike ʻia kēia poʻe ma ka zoo a i ʻole ka circus, e like me ke ʻano o ka hōʻike ʻia ʻana o nā holoholona. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā hōʻikeʻike ʻo "Völkerschau", "Human Zoo", "Colonial Show", "African Village" a i ʻole kekahi mea ʻē aʻe.
I Kelemānia, ua hōʻike mua ka Tierpark Hagenbeck ma Hamburg i nā kānaka. ʻO ia ma 1874. I kēlā manawa ua paʻakikī i ka poʻe ʻeleʻele ke loaʻa ka hana maʻamau ma Kelemānia. ʻO ia ke kumu i hana ai kekahi i nā hōʻike ethnological, me nā keiki. Ma hope mai, hōʻike lākou i ko lākou hilahila: ua nānā ʻia lākou e like me nā holoholona hihiu.
I ka makahiki 1940 i pau ai ka "Völkerschau" ma Kelemānia: ua pāpā ka National Socialists i ka poʻe ʻeleʻele mai ka hana maʻamau. Ma hope mai ʻaʻohe "hōʻikeʻike ethnological". ʻO kekahi kumu o kēia ʻo ke kīwī. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā poʻe Kelemania ke hele i nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. I kēia lā, ua manaʻo ʻia kēia mau "hōʻike" he racist a hoʻohaʻahaʻa.