Mary Allen
ʻO ka amphibians kekahi papa o nā vertebrates e like me nā mammals, nā manu, nā mea kolo a me nā iʻa. Ma ka ʻōlelo Kelemānia ua kapa ʻia lākou ʻo Lurche. Ua māhele ʻia lākou i ʻekolu kauoha: nā amphibian kolo, nā rana a me nā amphibian huelo. Manaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema: He mau haneli miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ʻo nā amphibians nā mea ola mua i noho ma ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka huaʻōlelo amphibian mai ka Helene a ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻelua-ola. No ka mea, noho ka hapa nui o nā amphibians i ka wai i ko lākou wā ʻōpiopio, e hanu ana ma nā gills e like me ka iʻa. Ke ulu aʻe lākou, neʻe ka amphibians ma ka ʻāina a noho ma ka ʻāina a ma ka wai. A laila, e like me ke kanaka, hanu lākou ma ke akemāmā.
He lahilahi kona ʻili a ʻaʻohe. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā calluses e like me kā mākou poʻe ma nā kapuaʻi, no ka laʻana. Hiki i ka ʻili ke maʻalahi a maʻemaʻe a maloʻo paha me nā warts. Loaʻa i kekahi mau amphibians nā ʻeleʻele e hiki ke huna i ka mea make. Mālama kēia iā lākou mai nā ʻenemi.
Hoʻohua ka hapa nui o nā amphibians. Hoʻomoe lākou i kēia mau hua, i kapa ʻia ʻo spawn, i loko o ka wai. A laila hāʻule nā ʻōpala. He ʻokoʻa nā salamanders. Hānau lākou i nā larvae maoli a i ʻole ola ʻōpio.
He holoholona koko anu nā Amphibians: e loli mau ana ka mahana o ko lākou kino no ka mea hiki ke hoʻololi i ka mahana o kona kaiapuni. He mea nui kēia i ʻole lākou e anu i ka wai a i ke kuahiwi.
Pehea ka noho ʻana o nā amphibians?
ʻO ka mea kupanaha loa e pili ana i nā amphibians ʻo ia ka hoʻololi a lākou e hana ai i ke ola. Kapa ʻia kēia ʻo "metamorphosis": hāʻule nā larvae mai nā hua, e hanu ana me nā gills. Ma hope, ulu ka māmā. Ulu pū kekahi iwi iwi. Ua like ia me ko nā mammals akā ʻaʻohe iwi ʻaoʻao. Ke hoʻololi ka amphibians mai ke ola i loko o ka wai i ke ola ma ka ʻāina, hanu lākou me ko lākou māmā a ma ko lākou ʻili. A laila, ulu hou nā gills.
Noho pōʻino nā Amphibians. ʻO lākou ke kumu nui o ka meaʻai no nā ʻano holoholona he nui. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke pale aku iā lākou iho. Akā maikaʻi loa ka poʻe he nui i ka camouflage. ʻO kekahi poʻe e pale aku iā lākou iho me ko lākou mau wai ʻawaʻawa, a lākou e hoʻopuka ai ma ka ʻili. ʻO kēia mau amphibians he nani ke kala. E hoʻomanaʻo kāu poʻe ʻaihue i kēia a waiho wale i nā amphibians pili i ka manawa aʻe. I mea e pau ʻole ai, pono nā amphibians e hoʻohua i nā ʻōpio he nui.
I ka hoʻoilo, moe ka amphibians. ʻO ia hoʻi, ua hoʻokahe lākou i ka nui o ka wai mai ko lākou kino a lilo i ʻoi loa ka hopena. A laila lilo kou ʻili i maloʻo a ʻeleʻele. Ke piʻi ka mahana, lilo lākou i mea paʻa hou.
He aha nā ʻāpana o loko o nā amphibians?
Ua like nā kino o loko o nā amphibian me nā mea kolo. Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻāpana hoʻoheheʻe, aia ʻelua mau puʻupaʻa e hoʻoneʻe i ka mimi mai ke koko. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo "cloaca" ka puka o ke kino hui no ka faeces a me ka mimi. Hoʻomoe ka wahine i kāna mau hua ma kēia puka.
He ʻōnaehana koʻikoʻi kūikawā ko nā Amphibians a he puʻuwai maʻalahi ma mua o nā mammals a me nā manu. E like me nā mea kolo, hui pū ke koko hou me ke koko i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka puʻuwai. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka puʻuwai o ka amphibian ma mua o ka puʻuwai o ka mea kolo.
Pehea ʻoe e hoʻokaʻawale ai i nā amphibians?
ʻO nā rana ka mea maʻamau. Aia ma waena o lākou nā rana, nā ʻaka a me nā ʻaka. Kapa ʻia kā lākou mau ʻōpiopio. Hoʻi hou ko lākou huelo i ka wā o ka metamorphosis. ʻOi aku ka ikaika o ko lākou mau wāwae hope ma mua o ko lākou mau wāwae mua. ʻAi lākou i nā inike ola, nā mollusks, nā ʻāwīwī a me nā arthropods, a ʻai lākou a pau. Noho ʻo Anurans ma nā ʻāina āpau koe wale nō ʻo Antarctica a me kekahi mau wahi ʻē aʻe i ke anuanu.
He kakaikahi ka amphibian huelo. Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia lākou i salamanders, kahi e noho ai ma ka ʻāina, a me nā newts, kahi e noho ai i ka wai. He lōʻihi ko lākou kino a he huelo. Ua like ka nui o na wawae eha. ʻAʻole lākou lele a lele, holo lākou. ʻOi aku ka nui o ko lākou vertebrae ma mua o nā rana. ʻAʻole makemake nā amphibian huelo i ke anu a me ka wela. ʻO ia ke kumu ʻaʻole lākou i ʻApelika, ʻAsia Hema, a i ʻole Australia. He liʻiliʻi wale nō nā ʻano mea kūikawā ma ʻAmelika Hema.
ʻOi aku ka kakaikahi o nā amphibian kolo. Ua kapa ʻia lākou he lua makapō. Ua like lākou me nā enuhe honua, akā ʻaʻole. ʻIke maikaʻi lākou a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i waena o ka mālamalama a me ka pōʻeleʻele. Noho lākou ma nā ʻāina wela a me nā subtropics, ʻo ia hoʻi ma nā wahi o ʻAmelika Waena, ʻAmelika Hema, ʻApelika, a me Asia. No laila ʻaʻole loaʻa lākou ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a me ʻEulopa.